2024-03-29T11:41:51+04:30 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=86&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
86-3218 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Kinetic and Isothermal Studies of Ni Sorption on Biochars Prepared form Date Palm Residues Pyrolyzed under Different Temperatures F. Masoudi shirvani@cc.iut.ac.ir M. Shirvani fatemeh.masoudi70@gmail.com Water and soil pollution with heavy metals has become a worldwide environmental issue. Therefore, development of efficient and low-cost methods for removal of metals from water or metal stabilization in soil has been identified as priority research areas. Biochar, produced from plant biomass and agricultural wastes, has recently been used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions as an effective sorbent. In this study, biochars were made from pyrolysis of palm tree residues at different temperatures of 200, 400 and 600 °C. The prepared biochars were then used to remove Ni from aqueous solutions in batch systems without pH adjustment and with pH adjustment at 7. To investigate Ni sorption rate, kinetic experiments were also carried out at a Ni concentration of 10 mg/L. The results of kinetic tests showed that the biochar prepared at 600 °C had more Ni sorption rate with equilibration time of about 5 h. Power function and Elovich models were the best equations fitted the kinetic data. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms described sorption of Ni on the sorbents very well. According to the Langmuir model predictions, the biochar produced at 600 °C and the palm raw residues had highest and the lowest capacity to sorb Ni from the solution, respectively, and the biochars produced at 200°C and 400°C were intermediate in this respect. Both the capacity and affinity of the biochars for Ni sorption increased with pH. Overall, under the experimental conditions applied in this study, the biochar prepared at 600 °C showed the highest efficiency for Ni removal from aqueous solution. Biosorption Char Heavy Metals Soil and Water Pollution. 2018 2 01 1 13 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3218-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.1
86-3289 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Curve Number Determination using Rainfall and Runoff Data and its Variations with Rainfall Components in a Forested Watershed R. Mostafazadeh raoofmostafazadeh@yahoo.com Sh. Mirzaei mirzaeishahnaz@gmail.com P. Nadiri parianadiriniri@yahoo.com The SCS-CN developed by the USDA Soil Conservation Service is a widely used technique for estimation of direct runoff from rainfall events. The watershed CN represents the hydrological response of watershed as an indicator of watershed potential runoff generation. The aim of this research is determining the CN from recorded rainfall-runoff events in different seasons and analyzing its relationship with rainfall components in the Jafarabad Watershed, Golestan Province. The CN values of 43 simultaneous storm events were determined using SCS-CN model and the available storm events of each season have been separated and the significant differences of CN values were analyzed using ANOVA method. The Triple Diagram Models provided by Surfer software were used to analyze the relationships of CNs and rainfall components. Results showed that the mean values of CN were 60 for summer and winter seasons and the CN values in the spring and autumn seasons were 50 and 65, respectively. The inter-relationships of CN amounts and rainfall characteristic showed that the high values of CNs were related to high rainfall intensities (>10 mm/hr) and rain-storms with total rainfall more than 40 mm. Also the CN values were about >70 for the storm events with 40-80% runoff coefficient values. Curve Number Rainfall characteristics Runoff coefficient SCS-CN Method The Jafarabad Watershed Triple Diagram Model. 2018 2 01 15 28 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3289-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.15
86-2974 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Watershed Management (Case Study: Nahrein Catchment, Tabas) A. R. Keshtkar keshtkar@ut.ac.ir H. Shariatmadari ho_shariat@yahoo.com H. R. Naseri hrnaseri@ut.ac.ir M. Tazeh mehditazeh@gmail.com Nowadays, inappropriate land use and degradation of natural resources have led to increase of flood, soil erosion etc. In such critical conditions, an integrated planning in natural resource management with the goal of control, reclamation and conservation seems to be necessary and these kinds of purposes can be reached by an integrated watershed management. Comprehensive management of watersheds is a coordinated and harmonic management of physical, biological, social and economic systems, which provides conditions that minimize the negative impact on resources while safeguarding the interests of the community. In this research, in line with the goals of resource management, the impacts and consequences of physical, economic and ecological criteria on vegetation condition changes were evaluated with focus on elimination of flood and soil erosion issues in Nahrein watershed (with the area of 18800 ha located in Tabas). The evaluation was done by considering four management activities: management of grazing, planting, seeding, and sowing. The prioritization of the scenarios was carried out using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Then, based on the suggestions and comments from relevant experts, the evaluation of available options was done by pairwise comparison matrix method. After calculations, economic criteria was selected as the most important criteria and management activity of sowing and scenario No. 16 were introduced as the most appropriate reform plan and scenario for the study area which is selected based on available criteria Biologic management Multi criteria decision making Watershed management. 2018 2 01 29 42 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2974-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.29
86-3287 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 The Effect of Polyacrylamide on Erosion, Runoff and Infiltration of a Silty Loam Soil N. Rashidi najime.rashidi@yahoo.com M. Naderi khnaderi@yahoo.com Sh. Ghorbani Dashtaki shoja2002@yahoo.com Nowadays application of soil conditioners for mitigation and reduction of runoff is a current method. Considering the advantages of Polyacrylamide (PAM), this study was arranged to evaluate impacts of this soil conditioner on soil infiltration rate, runoff and erosion control. To fulfill the goal, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was carried out with four PAM treatments (0, 6, 10, 20 kgha-1), three slope levels (3, 6 and 9 %), three irrigation treatments and three replications. Surficial (0-10 cm) soil samples were collected from Shahrekord University campus and poured into square plots (55×55cm) with 15 cm depth, after pretreatments. The plots were treated with a simulated rainfall intensity of 36 mm.h-1 for 15 minutes and the attributed runoff, sediment load and drained water were collected and measured. The results showed significant differences among the runoff and soil erosion of control and of PAM treated soils. PAM minimized the raindrop negative impacts on soils and improved water infiltration and diminished the attributed runoff. Soil treatment with PAM as a soil conditioner significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield in all treatments. Erosion Infiltration Polyacrylamide Rainfall simulation Runoff Silty loam. 2018 2 01 43 55 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3287-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.43
86-3170 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Selection of a Proper Model to Predict Monthly Drought in Semnan Using Weather Data and Linear and Nonlinear Models M. Sadeghian miss_sadeghian@yahoo.com H. Karami hkarami@semnan.ac.ir S. F. Mousavi Mousavi_sf@yahoo.com Nowadays, greater recognition of drought and introducing its monitoring systems, particularly for the short-term periods, and adding predictability to these systems, could lead to presentation of more effective strategies for the management of water resources allocation. In this research, it is tried to present appropriate models to predict drought in city of Semnan, Iran, using time series, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (MLP and RBF). For these modeling processes, average monthly meteorological parameters of rainfall, temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, maximum relative humidity and SPI drought index were used during the period 1966 to 2013. The results showed that among the many developed models, the ANFIS model, with input data of average rainfall, maximum temperature, SPI and its last-month value, 10 rules and Gaussian membership function, showed appropriate performance at each stage of training and testing. The values of RMSE, MAE and R at training stage were 0.777, 0.593 and 0.4, respectively, and at testing stage were 0.837, 0.644 and 0.362, respectively. Then, the input parameters of this model were predicted for the next 12 months using ARIMA model, and SPI values were predicted for the next 12 months. The ANN and time series methods with low difference in error values were ranked next, respectively. The input parameters SPI and temperature had better performance and rainfall parameter had weaker performance. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system Artificial neural network Prediction of drought Time-series. 2018 2 01 57 70 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3170-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.57
86-3099 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Desertification Risk Mapping based on Water Resources Degradation using Multi Criteria Decision Making (Case Study: Kashan Plain) S. Pishyar saraphishyar@yahoo.com H. Khosravi hakhosravi@@ut.ac.ir A. Tavili atavili@ut.ac.ir A. Malekian malekian@ut.ac.ir In this study, to study the status of water resources degradation in Kashan region, Isfahan Province, eight indices including: drop in groundwater, water salinity, irrigation efficiency, Well-to-Qanat development ratio, the pumping time, shortage of water supplies for animals and humans and the water negative balance were selected according to previous studies conducted on desertification in Iran and the world. Existing evaluation models were determined. Desertification map of the study area was provided according to MEDALUS model and selected indices. The selected indices were weighted using a multi-criteria decision method and each index having weight more than 0.5 were selected as the most effective indices of desertification. Again, the desertification status map of the study area was prepared by the most effective indices. Finally, the two desertification maps were compared. The results showed that the drop in groundwater, water salinity, the pumping time and water negative balance have the most effect on water resources degradation among selected indices. The results of comparing two groundwater degradation maps showed that based on map provided with eight indices, 87.78 and 8.30 percent of the total area are classified in critical conditions c and b, respectively. While the map provided by the most effective indicators shows that 99.15% of the total area is classified in the critical condition "c" and just 0.849% is classified in the critical condition "b".  It can be concluded that to assess desertification status, it is better to first determine the indicators by weighting and prioritizing methods. This will identify the indicators that have not had a significant effect on the desertification phenomenon in the area and prevent their impact on desertification classes and reduction of scores. Desertification Indices MEDALUS TOPSIS. 2018 2 01 71 84 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3099-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.71
86-3111 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Role of Functional Groups of Dung Beetles in the Infiltrated Water in the Soil from the Semi Steppe Rangelands Shahrekord E. Rahimi irajrahimi93@gmail.com P. Tahmasebi Pejman.Tahmasebi@nres.sku.ac.ir E. Omidzadeh Ardali The present study was conducted to assess effect of dung beetles function in the soil water infiltration performance on the part of rangeland of university of Sharekord in the form of a completely randomized design within one year. Therefore, the meshes consisted of both large and small size were used and filled with cattle, sheep and goat dung in six treatments (presence of dwellers, tunellers and absence of roller beetles- presence of dwellers, tunellers and small rollers and absence of large rollers- present of dwellers, rollers and small tunellers and presence of large tunellers- presence of dwellers and small tunellers, absence of large tunellers and rollers- presence of dwellers, tunellers and small rollers, absence of tunellers and large rollers- absence of beetle) with four replications. The soil water infiltration was measured using double ring. The results illustrated that the maximum function of the dung beetles in the soil water infiltration of states with cattle and goat dung application was calculated at the investigated possible treatment of presence of dwellers, presence of large and small tunneler and absence of large roller beetles and, presence of small roller beetles (10.27 and 8.97 cm/hr respectively) and the state with sheep dung application was calculated at the investigated possible treatment of presence of dwellers, absence of large tunellers and presence of small tunellers and also presence of large and small rollers, respectively (7.97 cm/hr). The results of the effect of manure on the total amount of water infiltration in the soil by dung beetles from all treatments showed the greatest amount of water infiltration in the soil, dung beetles were related to performance of dung beetles by removing goat (40.47 cm/hr), cattle (39.77 cm/hr) and sheep (38.07 cm/hr) dung. Functional groups of dung beetles by removing and importing livestock dung to the soil influence the infiltration rates in pastures soils. Circulation of Nutrients Function Insects Removal of Dung Water Infiltration. 2018 2 01 85 97 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3111-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.85
86-3258 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 The Effect of Irrigation with Sugar Plant Wastewater and Water Stress on Plant Height, Root Length and Barley Grain Protein (Yusef Variety) Y. Choopan yahyachoopan68@gmail.com A. Khashei Siuki abbaskhashei@birjand.ac.ir A. Shahidi ashahidi@birjand.ac.ir Limited water resource in arid and semi-arid areas is one of the most important problems in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the use of non-conventional water resources becomes more important. For this reason, a study was conducted on barley to evaluate the effect of irrigation with sugar plant wastewater as a factorial randomized complete block design field experiment. Treatments include water well I1, wastewater I2, combined water and wastewater I3 (the ratio of seven to one, according to local practice) in two levels of without water stress S1 and  %75 water stress S2 and treatment I1S1 was considered as control. The results showed changes in surface tension of %1 had a statistically significant effect on plant height, grain yield and root length. As well changes of irrigation water in the level of %1 had a statistically significant effect on plant height, grain protein yield and root length. Maximum grain yield was obtained in treatment I1S1 with the weight of 4034 kg per hectare and lowest grain yield was obtained in treatment I2S2 with the weight of 1564 kg per hectare. The lowest and highest percentages of protein content were observed in treatment I1S1 for 12.37% and treatment I2S2 for 13.47%, respectively. The plant height showed the highest amount in control treatment, i.e. 82.87 Cm. Grain protein Plant height Root length Water stress Wastewater. 2018 2 01 99 109 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3258-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.99
86-3290 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Soil Depth Estimation using Environmental Variables Derived from Remote Sensing data and DEM (Case Study: Chehelgazi Watershed of Sanandaj, Iran) S. Zahedi zahedi51@gmail.com K. Shahedi kaka.shahedi@gmail.com M. Habibnejhad Roshan m.habibnejad@sanru.ac.i K. Solaimani k.solaimani@sanru.ac.ir K. Dadkhah k.dadkhah@uok.ac.ir Soil depth is a major soil characteristic commonly used in distributed hydrological modeling in order to present watershed subsurface attributes. It strongly affects water infiltration and accordingly runoff generation, subsurface moisture storage, vertical and lateral moisture movement, saturation thickness and plant root depth in the soil. The objective of this study is to develop a statistical model that predicts the spatial pattern of soil depth over the watershed from topographic and land cover variables derived from DEM and satellite image, respectively. A 10 m resolution DEM was prepared using 1:25000 topographic maps. Landsat8 imagery, OLI sensor (May 06, 2015) was used to derive different land cover attributes. Soil depth, topographic curvature, land use and vegetation characteristics were surveyed at 426 profiles within the four sub-watersheds. Box Cox transformations were used to normalize the measured soil depth and each explanatory variable. Random Forest prediction model was used to predict soil depth using the explanatory variables. The model was run using 336 data points in the calibration dataset with all 31 explanatory variables (18 variables from DEM and 13 variables from remote sensing image), and soil depth as the response of the model. Prediction errors were computed for validation data set. Testing dataset was done with the model soil depth values at testing locations (93 points). The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) for testing data set was 0.689. The results showed that land use, Specific Catchment Area (SCA), NDVI, Aspect, Slope and PCA1 are the most important explanatory variables in predicting soil depth. DEM Prediction statistical model random forest Soil depth. 2018 2 01 111 127 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3290-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.111
86-2908 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Numerical Analysis of Separation and Stream tube Dimensions in the Intakes Installed to Rectangular and Trapezoidal Channels S. M. Seyedian s.m.seyedian@gmail.com M. Karami Moghadam m_karami_mo@yahoo.com Y. Ramezani ramezani.y@gmail.com The study of flow patterns in front of intake has been attracted the attention of researchers during the past decades to explore the mechanism of flow and sediment entry to the intake. In this study, the separation and stream tube dimensions were investigated in water intakes installed to rectangular and trapezoidal main channel. These researches were carried out with experimental and fluent models. The results of experimental and fluent models have a good conformity. It was found that, in trapezoidal main channel, the stream tube width decreases near the bed and increases near the surface and separation dimensions reduced and led to reduction of sediment entry and increase of efficiency Flow pattern Fluent Rectangular and trapezoidal main channel Separation Stream tube. 2018 2 01 129 141 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2908-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.129
86-3314 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression Models to Estimate the Daily Missing data Flow (Runoff) in (Case Study: Santeh Gauging Station- Kordestan Province) M. Isazadeh Mohammadisazade@gmail.com P. Mohammadi mohammadi.parva@yahoo.com Y. Dinpazhoh dinpashoh@yahoo.com Statistical analysis and forecast discharge data play an important role in management and development of water systems. The most fundamental issues of statistical analysis and forecast discharge in Iran are lack of data in long term period and lack of stream flow data in gauging stations. Considering the issues mentioned in this study, we tried to estimate the daily data flow (runoff) of Santeh gauging station in Kordestan province using the nearby hydrometric and meteorological stations data. This estimation occurred based on the sixteen different input combinations, including data of daily flow of hydrometric stations Safakhaneh and Polanian and daily runoff in Santeh precipitation gauging station. In this research, the daily flow estimation of the Santeh station in each of the months of the year was evaluated for sixteen different combinations and artificial neural network models and multiple linear regressions. The performance of each model was evaluated with the indicators RMSE, CC, NS and t-student statistic. The results showed good performance of both models but the performance of the artificial neural network model was better than the regression model in estimation of the daily runoff in the most months of the year. Mean error of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models was respectively estimated as 6.31 and 8.07 m3/s in the months of the year. It should be noted that the artificial neural network, for each sixteen combination used, had better result than the regression model. Artificial Neural Network Estimating missing data Multiple linear regression Santeh station. 2018 2 01 143 159 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3314-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.143
86-3217 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 The Effect of Supplemental Irrigation and Seed Priming on Yield and Some Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Vetch Rainfed Marage Cultivar R. Amirnia ramirnia@yahoo.com J. Jalilian j.jalilian@urmia.ac.ir E. Gholinezhad gholinezhad1358@yahoo.com S. Abaszadeh j.jalilian@urmia.ac.ir To evaluate the effect of supplemental irrigation and seed priming on yield and some quantity and quality characteristics of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) rainfed maragheh cultivar, an experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, West Azarbaijan province, Iran, during 2011. The experiment was laid out using split-plot, based on Randomized Complete Block design in three replicates. The factors studied were: Supplemental irrigation at four levels: without supplemental irrigation (I1), 1 time of supplemental irrigation (I2), 2 times of supplemental irrigation (I3) and 3 times of supplemental irrigation (I3). The subplot included four levels of seed priming: Control (C), Water (W), Phosphate (P) and Nitroxin (N). Plant height, pod number in stems, 1000-grain weight, wet and dry forage yield in the second and third harvest and fiber percentage in the second and third harvest, protein yield in the second and third harvest, biological yield and harvest index were influenced by the supplemental irrigation. Wet and dry forage yield in the second harvest and wet forage yield in the third harvest were highest in I4 with respectively 14.5, 16.72 and 3.56 (tons/hectare) yield and lowest with respectively 7.73, 7.47 and 2.06 (tons/hectare) yield. As a result, applying 2 times of supplemental irrigation and seed treatment with phosphate and nitroxin had positive effects on quality and quantity yield of vetch and they could improve the quantity and quality of Vetch forage.   Bio-fertilizer Fiber percentage Forage plant Protein percentage Water deficit. 2018 2 01 161 176 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3217-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.161
86-2961 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Soil Quality Assessment in Western Part of Tehran using Minimum Data set Method K. Nosrati k_nosrati@sbu.ac.ir M. Majdi mona.majdi39@gmail.com The soil pollution especially in urban soils is projected to increase drastically and its effects on chemical cycles are yet to be known. Approaches to measure air and water quality are well established, but urban soil quality assessment has received little attention. Soil quality assessment can help as a way to better understand the pollution increase outcomes in urban environments and to establish approaches and integrated soil quality assessment protocols in urban planning and landscape management. Considering lack of information in urban soil quality of Iran, the objective of this study was to assess soil quality under urban land use effect using minimum data set in western part of Tehran. In view of this, 56 soil samples were collected in three land use types of agricultural, parks and urban landscapes, and vacant urban lots and 12 physicochemical properties were measured. The results of analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) showed that under influence of the land use types, organic carbon, total nitrogen, lime, bulk density and sodium have significant differences. The factor analysis was used to select minimum data set and the results showed that two factors with eigenvalues more than one, explaining more than 68% of total variance, have the most loading factors on organic carbon and sodium. Finally, soil quality indicator (SQI) was determined and compared in different land use types. The results showed that SQI has significant difference in urban land use types and the least soil quality is related to vacant urban lots.   Factor analysis Minimum data set Soil quality Tehran city. 2018 2 01 177 188 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2961-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.177
86-3326 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Investigation of the Wind Erosion Trend in Central Iran using Dust Storm Index in the Last Fifty Years A. Vali vali@kashanu.ac.ir F. Roustaei roustaie@yahoo.com Wind erosion is the most important geomorphic process and the main cause of the landscape change in arid and semi-arid areas. This paper focuses on the Dust Storm Index (DSI) with the aim of monitoring wind erosion in Central Iran using meteorology data. The trend of standardized DSI and its three factors which are sever dust storm, moderate dust storm and local dust events were studied using Man-Kendal non-parametric test. It was found that wind erosion is accelerating in recent years. Compared to primary 20 years (1965-1985) DSI rate has been three times more than 30 years ago (1985-2014). The central and southern parts of Central Iran show the highest severity of wind erosion and the severity of DSI decreases by approaching the north. Therefore, considering the sensitivity of these areas, in addition to taking into account prevention programs, they should also be considered in regeneration and control programs.   Central Iran Dust Storm Index Mann-Kendal test Wind erosion. 2018 2 01 189 200 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3326-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.189
86-3196 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Assessment of Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Estimation of Lead and Nickel Heavy Metals content in Soil (Case study: Rey Lands) R. Samiei Fard ramin.samiei@ut.ac.ir H. Matinfar matinfar44@gmail.com Reflectance spectroscopy is a fast and safe method to predict soil physicochemical and biological properties in low cost ways. Traditional methods to determine soil properties require spending a lot of time and money so that farmers are generally reluctant to use the results of laboratory measurements in soil and water management. Reflectance spectroscopy in the spectral range of 400-2500 nm (VNIR) is an alternative method for estimating the soil properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laboratory spectrometer to estimate the concentration of Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) in soils irrigated with water from treatment of urban sewage sludge of Rey city and finally to compare these results with the results of measurements of atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, the Partial Linear Square Regression (PLSR) model was used to estimate the concentration of heavy metals and Residual Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to evaluate the performance of this model. In this research, after spectral corrections related to elimination of the water absorption bands as well as elimination of the inefficient spectrum from heavy metals estimations, the methods of estimating these elements were studied through mathematical derivation of spectral values and also the acquisition of the continuum removal spectra. The results show that the estimated values from first derivate spectra are more consistent with the results of atomic absorption spectrometers. Reflectance Spectroscopy Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy Heavy Metals PLSR Visible and Near Infrared. 2018 2 01 201 214 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3196-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.201
86-3304 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Mineralization of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of Wheat Residues in Lead Contaminated Soils Z. Bigdeli zeinab.bigdeli92@gmail.com A. Golchin agolchin2011@yahoo.com T. Mansouri t.mansouri2010@gmail.com To assess the effects of different levels of soil lead on mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen, a factorial pot experiment was conducted using litter bag method. The factors examined were different levels of soil lead (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1soil) and incubation periods (1, 2, 3 and 4 months) in three replications. At the end of incubation periods, the litter bags were pulled out of the pots and the weights of plant residues remained in bags were measured. The plant residues were also analyzed for organic carbon and nitrogen. Organic carbon and nitrogen losses were calculated by subtracting the remaining amounts of organic carbon and nitrogen in one incubation time interval from those of former one later incubation time interval. The results showed that the losses of organic carbon from wheat residues and carbon decomposition rate constant decreased as the levels of soil lead increased over than 25 and 50 mg/kg of soil respectively. The losses of organic nitrogen was more affected by lead pollution and decreased as the levels of soil lead increased, but nitrogen decomposition rate constant decreased as the levels of soil lead increased over than 25 mg/kg. The losses of organic carbon and nitrogen in 200 mg Pb/ kg of soil were 3.2 and 11.7 % lower than control treatment. The results of this research indicate that contamination of soil by lead increases residence time of organic carbon and nitrogen in soils and slows down the cycling of these elements. Heavy metals Incubation period Litter bag Lead Organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization. 2018 2 01 215 228 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3304-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.215
86-2577 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Investigation of Diameter of Riprap around the Bridge Abutment at 180-Degree River Bend M. Naserian naserian_khz@yahoo.com A. Masjedi drmasjedi.2007@yahoo.com River bend due to particular pattern, called 'Vortex Flow,' has greater erosion than straight path. Occurrence of scour around bridge abutment on curved paths is one of the main reasons for destruction of bridges. Riprap is one of the methods to control the scouring around the bridge abutment. The purpose of this study was to assess stability of the riprap around the bridge abutment at 180 degree river bend. In order to study stability of riprap around the bridge abutment, experiments were done in a laboratory flume made of Plexiglas under 180 degree bend, 2.8 m in central radius, 0.6 m in width and  R/B=4.67.  In this research, several experiments were done by placing a bridge abutment with vertical winged wall made of Plexiglas surrounded by a series of riprap.  Experiments were done by three different types of riprap with different density 1.7, 2.1 and 2.42, four different diameters 4.76, 9.52, 12.7 and 19.1 mm and four rates of discharge under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth was measured in terms of moving threshold and failure threshold and then the formulas were calculated by using data obtained. The results showed that the relative diameter of riprap increased with increasing Froude number in terms of moving threshold and failure threshold. Finally, the suitable formula to estimate diameter of riprap around the bridge abutment at 180 degree bend were presented in terms of moving threshold and failure threshold. 180 degree bend Bridge abutment Riprap Secondary flow. 2018 2 01 229 241 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2577-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.229
86-2733 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Correlation of Selianinov Hydrothermal Coefficient with Reference Evapotranspiration and Crop Water Requirement for Some Selected Crops and Different Weather Sites of Iran A. A. Sabziparvar1 sabziparvar@yahoo.co.uk S. Ebrahimzadeh2 sjd_ebrahimzadeh@ut.ac.ir M. Khodamoradpour3 mkhodamorad@gmail.com The most important factor in determining crop water requirement is estimation of evapotranspiration (ET). Majority of the methodsestimate ET apply series of relatively complex formula,which is then used to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The parameters used in aforesaid methods are: Solar radiation, wind speed, humidity, etc. Unfortunately, in Iran and many countries, long-term records of these parameters are not readily available. The purpose of this study is to calculate the Selianinov Hydrothermic Index that merely requires daily temperature and precipitation data in order to determine correlation coefficients (r) versus ET and Crop Water Requirement (CWR) of some agricultural crops of Iran. First, the Selianinov index is calculated from daily precipitation and temperature during the growth season. Further, the results are correlated against both ETc and CWR. The model results indicate inverse (negative) strong exponential and polynomial relations between the dependent and independent variables. Coefficient of determination (R2) for polynomial equations (on average 0.84) in all crops was better than exponential equations (on average 0.72). Correlation between Selianinov index and CWR indicates that coefficient of determination in both equations was close together (0.83 for polynomial equations and 0.82 for exponential equations). Correlation equations Crop coefficient Crop water requirement Evapotranspiration Iran Selianinov Hydrothermal Index. 2018 2 01 243 254 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2733-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.243
86-3241 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 Watershed Management through Land use Optimization Using Mathematical and Spatial Optimization Approaches A. Honarbakhsh afshin.honarbakhsh@gmail.com M. Pajoohesh drpajoohesh@gmail.com M. Zangiabadi zangiabadi_maryam@yahoo.com M. Heydari heydari_moslem@yahoo.com Nowadays, human interferences in the natural resources cause the loss of these resources and lead to destructive floods, soil erosion and other various environmental, economic and social damages. Furthermore, increasing growth of population and climate change intensify the destructions. Thus management and planning through land use optimization is essential for the proper utilization, protection and revival of these resources. The purpose of this study is to couple the fuzzy goal programming and multi objective land allocation optimization approaches to develop a model for watershed management and planning in Chelgerd watershed. The proposed model is based on optimum area determination in various land uses and also their optimum local situation. In this research, a fuzzy model has been proposed. In this model, minimizing the amount of soil erosion and maximizing the amount of profit are priorities, respectively. Moreover, production resources including water and land as well as economic and social problems are limitations of the mentioned model. Results obtained show that the proposed model is an efficient model in land use optimization and sustainable area development and can increase profit to 37% and decrease sedimentation to 2.4%, respectively. Fuzzy Goal Programming Multi Objective Land Allocation Sustainable Development Watershed Management. 2018 2 01 257 270 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3241-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.257
86-2660 2024-03-29 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2018 21 4 The Effect of Piriformospora Indica on Shoot and Root Dry Matter Yield and Zinc and Iron Uptake by Wheat in a Calcareous Soil M. J. Asadollahzade asadollahzade@gmail.com A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh ahkhoshgoftar@yahoo.com M. Sepehri msepehri@cc.iut.ac.ir Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency is common in wheat growing areas of the world particularly in calcareous soils. Soil application of chemical fertilizers is considered as a cost-effective and easy approach to combat micronutrient deficiency. However, due to economic, environmental, and agronomic constrains, efficiency of soil fertilization is low in most calcareous soils. Therefore, finding proper and effective approaches to improve fertilizer use efficiency and/or soil availability of metal nutrients is of great importance. This research was performed to investigate the effect of endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica and Zn-sulfate application on root and shoot dry matter yield and uptake of Fe and Zn by wheat. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized factorial design; each treatment contained three replicates. Two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Durum and Rushan) were exposed to two Zn fertilizer rates (0 and 15 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O) and were inoculated with and without P. indica. Results showed that inoculation with P. indica increased root and shoot uptake of Fe (25 and 27%, respectively) and Zn (46 and 26%, respectively). In general, inoculation of roots with P. indica resulted in significant increase of shoot and root dry matter yield and uptake of Fe and Zn by both studied wheat cultivars. Infection of wheat roots with P. indica seems to be an effective and environment-friendly approach to improve Fe and Zn uptake in calcareous soil; although further research is needed to clarify all aspects of this approach Fe and Zn deficiency Piriformospora indica Zinc sulphate wheat. 2018 2 01 271 281 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-2660-en.pdf 10.29252/jstnar.21.4.271