2024-03-28T16:20:14+04:30 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=11&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
11-97 2024-03-28 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 The Study of Hydraulic Performance of Furrow Irrigation Under Different Methods of Discharge Management B. Mostafazadeh M. Farzamnia In this research, the hydraulic behavior of furrow irrigation was investigated under cut-back, Walker-Skogerboe and conventional methods at the three experimental farms of Lavark, Shervedan, and Isfahan University of Technology for three irrigation events. In each farm, data were collected for each of the above methods with at least three replications including furrow shape, furrow length, furrow slope, soil texture, advance and furrow inflow and outflow. The parameters of Kostiakov-Lewis infiltration function were determined using the volume balance method. The deep percolation ratio, runoff ratio and application efficiency were then computed. The results showed that deep percolation ratio was higher in the cut-back method as compared to the Walker-Skogerboe method (18.6% as compared to 13.7%) and the runoff ratio was less in the cut-back method as compared to those in the Walker-Skogerboe and conventional methods (12.4% as compared to 16 and 20.6%, respectively). The effect of the two parameters of deep percolation ratio and runoff ratio caused, in general, the application efficiency to be less in the conventional method than those in the cut-back and Walker-Skogerboe methods (42.7% as compared to 69 and 70%, respectively). In general, the cut-back method had a higher application efficiency in heavy texture soils as compared to light texture soils (73.9% as compared to 51.2%). Surface irrigation Furrow hydraulic Efficiency. 2000 10 01 1 11 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf
11-98 2024-03-28 10.1002
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Drainage-Water Quality Variations of Main Drains Discharged into the Zayandehrood and Their Effects on the River Over a One-Year Period M. Kalbasi S.F. Mousavi Life in central Iran depends on the Zayandehrood river, making the preservation of its quality important. Salinization and pollution of the flow as a result of different organic and inorganic pollutants create serious threats to the environment and to the agricultural activities in the region. Although the role of the main drains discharged into the Zayandehrood in changing its quality is well known, little information is available on the volume and quality of the discharged drains. The purpose of this research was to study the quantity and quality of three main drains (Zoab-Ahan, Rudasht and Segzi) discharging into the Zayandehrood, Monthly samples were taken from each drain and their chemical properties were measured in 1998. The discharge rates were also measured simultaneously at sections near the discharge points. The results showed that all three drains were alkaline and, therefore, had no negative effects on the pH of the river flow. Mean annual EC of Zoab-Ahan, Rudasht and Segzi drains were 5.56, 27.18 and 42.41 dS/m, respectively, and the salt loads discharged into the river by these drains were 39258.4, 37672.9 and 259781.2 ton/year, respectively. Annual mean N concentrations were 4.49, 3.92 and 4.18 mg/L and annual mean P concentrations were 0.26, 0.16 and 0.12 mg/L in the drains, respectively. The most important effect of the drains on the Zayandehrood was salinization, especially in the lower parts of the river. The increase in soluble salt contents of the river after Segzi drain discharge was so high that it made the water thereafter unusable for any purpose. Environment Salt discharge Salinity. 2000 10 01 13 28 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Economic Analysis of Production, Technical Efficiency and Marketing of Iranian Saffron J. Torkamani The main objective of the present study was to investigate the production and marketing of Iranian saffron. About 99% of Iranian saffron is produced in Khorasan Province. Therefore, Khorasan was selected for the current study. Data were collected through the stratified random sampling method from 232 saffron producers in Torbat Heidarieh, Ghaenat and Gonabad regions through interviews in fall 1999. The production functions of saffron were estimated by using transcendental forms for the three study regions. Technical efficiencies for saffron producers were estimated using transcendental stochastic frontier production functions. Finally, wholesale, retail and marketing margins as well as marketing efficiency were estimated. The results of the current study revealed that farmers were not using some of the inputs optimally. Study of the technical efficiency of saffron growers indicated that there was a considerable possibility of increasing production by increasing farmers’ efficiencies. The average of wholesale, retail and marketing margins of one kilogram of saffron were estimated to be 483, 410 and 893 thousand Rials, respectively, in the three study regions. Also, marketing efficiency was calculated at 155%. Finally, a marketing channel as a part of marketing strategy was proposed for Iranian saffron. Saffron Technical efficiency Marketing margins and efficiency. 2000 10 01 29 45 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Evaluation of Direct Shoot Regeneration from Stem Explants of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Delaware by Thidiazuron (TDZ) A.A. Ehsanpour M. Jones Potato is a valuable plant as a source of nutrition and as an industrial product. The modification and breeding of potato plants are very difficult, or even impossible, via the conventional plant breeding programs. However, plant biotechnology and tissue culture are reliable methods which can produce plant material for gene transformation using Agrobacterium as a vector. In this study, one-, two-, and three-step methods of plant regeneration from stem culture of potato cv. Delaware were tested. Among these only the one-step procedure using TDZ, a synthetic cytokinin, was the best for rapid plant regeneration. In this culture medium, several shoot buds and shoots were regenerated from stem culture, while the other methods using a culture medium supplemented with BAP, NAA, zeatin, 2ip, IAA produced white and green callus. Morphology and chromosome number of all regenerated plants were similar to the original plants. The results showed that the regeneration system was suitable for cv. Delaware and that the culture conditions prevented genetic variation of the regenerated plants. Potato TDZ Regeneration Culture media. 2000 10 01 47 54 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 The Effects of Row Spacings and Seeding Rates on Dry Matter and Seed Yield in Berseem Clover A. Arzani Knowledge of the effects of row spacings and seeding rates on dual-purpose forage and seed production of an annual legume crop is essential for its proper agronomical exploitation. In this study, the effects of various row spacings and seeding rates on dry matter and seed yield in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were evaluated in two consecutive years. The experimental design was a split-plot with four row spacings as main plot treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications, and five seeding rates were allocated to subplots. Combined analysis of variance of the two-year data showed that both row spacings and seeding rates influenced dry matter yield (DM), seed yield, plant height, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. Years, as well as two- and three-factor interactions did not affect the seed yield whereas row spacing × seeding rate, and year × seeding rate significantly affected the DM. The mean comparisons indicated that row spacings of 30 and 45 cm produced the highest DM of 3912.2 and 3900 kg/ha 45 and 60 cm spacings showed the highest seed yield of 1045.4 and 1093.3 kg/ha, respectively. 24 and 20 kg/ha seeding rates ranked the best in giving 1244.7 and 1223 kg/ha seed yield, respectively. The seeding rate of 16 kg/ha in the first year and 20 kg/ha in the second year produced the highest DM yield with means of 3837.5 and 3875.3 kg/ha, respectively. Regarding the dual-purpose of forage and seed production in berseem clover, 20 kg/ha seeding rate at 45 cm row spacing can be recommended for Isfahan region and for other comparable environmental conditions. Berseem clover <i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L. Dry matter yield Seed Yield Row spacing Seeding rate. 2000 10 01 55 65 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Carotenoid Production from Whey by the Red Yeast Rhodotorula acheniorum Isolated from Sap of Birch Trees (Betula verricosus Ehrh) I. Nahvi M. Vaez G. Emtiazi Carotenoids are one of the most important and widely distributed pigments in nature and have essential biological functions in organisms. They also impart distinctive and attractive coloration to the breeding animals. Over the past two decades, application of microbial carotenoids has attracted the attention of researchers due to their natural and economic advantages. However, carotenoid producing yeasts with lactose assimilating capacity have rarely been studied and there are few references on the use of lactose as a carbon substrate, such as whey, for the biosynthesis of yeast carotenoids. In this study, a red carotenoid-producing yeast, Rhodotorula acheniorum, was isolated from the sap of birch trees at Masseh Chal in the Taleghan village. The yeast thus isolated was identified through microscopic, macroscopic and biochemical tests. The yeast has both the abilities of lactose assimilation and carotenoid production. The optimal conditions of culture were determined and maximum biomass and carotenoid production were 9.9 g/lit, 290 µg/g, respectively. Chemical analyses of extracted carotenoids have shown that the major portion of the yeast consists of β-carotene, torulene and torularhodin. With regard to the fact that whey is one of the by-products of cheese industries and that its proper disposal has long been a major problem, the most desirable way of handling this waste is to utilize it as a substrate in the production of useful products such as carotenoids. Carotenoid <i> Rhodotorula acheniorum</i> Whey. 2000 10 01 67 77 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Effects of α-Amylase Activity on Macaroni Cooking Quality M. Shahedi B. Mansouri Macaroni is a food product generally considered as one of the paste products. These products are produced from semolina that is, in turn, produced through special processing of milled durum wheat. In order to examine the effect of α-amylase on macaroni quality, three cultivars, namely Yavarous, Zardak and Altar 84, were chosen from each of which some wheat sprouts were prepared and mixed with unsprouted samples to obtain three ranges of falling numbers of 500-1000, 300-350 and 150-200 seconds. The results from this study specified that the active presence of α-amylase in the samples reduced cooking time and colouring of the macaroni, while small amounts of the enzyme improved the breakage and modulus of elasticity of the samples. The α-amylase enzyme showed no effect on the colour of semolina and the macaroni stickiness.  Durum wheat α-amylase enzyme Falling number Macaroni. 2000 10 01 79 87 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Effect of Substituting Barley and Millet Diets for Corn on Growth and Feed Conversion Ratio of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) S.K. Allameh Fani N. Mahboobi Soofiani J. Pourreza A. Esteki The present experiment evaluates the effects of some carbohydrate sources (corn, barley and millet) and the replacement of corn with different levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) of barley and millet on the performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In a completely randomized block design, 540 grower fish with an average body weight of 70 gr, were divided into 27 groups, 20 fish per group. Nine different diets were used and each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of fish for eight weeks. Analyses of data showed that the replacement of corn by barley and millet resulted in a higher weight gain. The highest and lowest weight gains were observed with diets having 50 percent barley and 100 percent millet substitutions, respectively, although the differences with the control diet were not significant. Diets with 50 and 100 percent barley for corn substitutions showed a greater specific growth rate (SGR). As for the food conversion ratio (FCR), all the diets having barley and millet, irrespective of substitution levels, showed a better FCR relative to the control diet. However, the diet with 100 percent barley substitution had the best FCR, but no significant differences were observed (P>0.05) with the control diet. In general, the performance of barley was better than that of corn and millet, and millet was relatively better than corn. However, these results indicate that barley and millet can be suitable replacements for imported corn in diets used for common carp. Fish diet Common carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. Growth Feed conversion ratio. 2000 10 01 89 97 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Laboratory Study of Interspecific Predation of Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) and Ladybeetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) B. Hatami K. Zibai The interference of biological agents may cause behaviors such as interspecific predation, reducing their efficiencies. The interspecific predation of lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) and ladybeetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) was investigated in the presence and absence of prey, Aphis gossypii Glover under laboratory conditions. In the presence and absence of prey, the larvae of lacewing fed on eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of ladybeetle and the larvae and adults of ladybeetle fed on eggs and larvae of lacewing. Presence of prey reduced the rate of feeding significantly. Feeding of lacewing larvae on ladybeetle eggs was higher than the feeding of ladybeetle larvae and adults on lacewing eggs. This is probably due to the stalk of lacewing eggs. The 1st larval instar of lacewing was dominant to that of ladybeetle, so were 2nd larval instar of lacewing to the 1st and 2nd larval instars of ladybeetle and 3rd larval instar of lacewing to all larval instars and adults of ladybeetle. Third larval instar of ladybeetle was dominant to the 1st larval instar of lacewing, and 4th larval instar and adult of ladybeetle to the 1st and 2nd larval instars of lacewing. The 2nd and 3rd larval instars of lacewing fed on pupa of ladybeetle but larval feeding of ladybeetle was not observed on lacewing pupa. This was probably related to lacewing pupa covered by a cocoon. Interspecific predation Green lacewing <i> Chrysoperla carnea </i> Ladybeetle <i>Hippodamia variegata</i>. 2000 10 01 99 110 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Soil Solarization Effects on Soil-born Fungal Diseases, Nematodes and Weeds in Autumn Cucumber Fields M. Nasr-Esfahani A. Akhiani H. Fatemi H. Hassan-Pour Solarization of field soil through mulching with transparent polyethylene sheets alone and in integration with farm yard manure (40 T/ha) and/or metalayl (25 kg/ha) during summer 1994-95 for five weeks in Isfahan resulted in an increase in temperature of 10 °C (± 1) and moisture preservation of up to 82%. Solarization effectively reduced foot-rot of cucumber (Phytophthora drechsleri) in the above treatments up to 88%, 96% and 95%, respectively. Solarization, farm yard manure and their integration reduced the infection of Meloidogyne javanica up to 50%, 57% and 83% while plant parasitic nematodes were also reduced to 72%, 75% and 86%, respectively. The populations of free living nematodes increased only in farm yard manure and in integration with solarization by 30% and 53%, respectively. Solarization effectively reduced the populations of almost all weeds by around 100%, except for Cyperus rotundus and Sonchus asper which were reduced by 59% and 44%, respectively. Soil Solarization Cucumber foot rot Root-knot nematodes Weeds Soil sterilization . 2000 10 01 111 123 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Determining Stuitable Method for Measuring Utilization Level in Artemisia Stands A.A. vali M. Bassiri Artemisia is the major component of the vegetation of a large portion of arid lands in Iran. Determining the utilization rate is an essential element in the management of these rangelands. Methods of determining the utilization regime for woody plants and shrubs include clipping and weighing, reference unit, ocular estimate, twig length, branch diameter and production index. These methods were used in Chahlor winter range in Jarghoyeh, 250 Km southeast of Isfahan. Clipping and weighing is the most accurate although the most time-consuming method. In this research, means of utilization percentages obtained from the above methods were compared with the mean obtained from the clipping and weighing method using T-test. Data obtained from reference unit, twig length, and branch diameter methods were not significantly different from those of clipping and weighing method (P>0.0l). Since reference unit was the least time-consuming among these methods, it was selected as a proper method of utilization measurement of Artemisia stands. Utilization rate <i>Artemisia</i> Clipping and weighing method Paired plot method Reference unit method Twig length method Branch diameter method. 2000 10 01 125 137 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-107-en.pdf
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JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology jwss 2476-3594 2476-5554 10.47176/jwss 2000 4 3 Plant Communities of Kolah-Gahazi National Park S.J. Khajeddin Plant communities of the Kolah-Ghazi National Park have been studied. The park with a wide diversity of fauna and flora species is located 36 Km south of Isfahan. 214 plant species were collected for the purposes of this study. Plant communities of the park are of an aridland vegetation type. Minimal areas of the plant communities were determined using nested plots technique. After studying the Species/Area curves, a l00-square-meter quadrat was employed to collect the cover and density data for each species. The cover data were analysed to determine plant communities using the ordination method. Crown cover of the vegetation was found to be poor and varied from zero to a maximum of five percent in the park. The following species form the major plant communities in the park: Artemisia sieberi, Anabasis aphylla, Acantholimon spp., Cousinia piptocephala, Ebenus stellata, Pteropyrum aucheri & Scariola orientalis. The combination of these species with others forms plant communities and subcommunities. The overlapping of habitats makes mosaics which cause the formation of ecotones, thus increasing the diversity of the subcommunities in the park. Mesophytic plant communities are narrowly scattered along streams. Most of the plant communities are controlled by the adaphic factor while the biological factor has only a limited control. A Ficus spp. specimen was also collected from the mountainous region in the park which could be a new species or variety and requires further study. Isfahan Kolah-Ghazi National Park Plant ecology Plant communities Ordination. 2000 10 01 139 154 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf