0 2476-3594 Isfahan University of Technology 3315 Ggeneral Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Mechanical Properties in the Green Space of Mobarakeh Steel Complex Soltani R. b Mosaddeghi M. R. c Ayuni M. d Ayoubi Sh. e Shirvani M. f b 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. c 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. d 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. e 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. f 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 1 15 06 08 2016 26 12 2016 Long-term use of treated wastewaters for irrigation adds compounds and/or ions to soils which might alter the soil physical, hydraulic and mechanical properties. Soil mechanical properties are closely linked with the plant growth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-, mid- and long-term applications of the treated wastewater of Mobarake Steel Company in Isfahan on the soil penetration resistance and shear strength in the company green space. Soil penetration resistance and shear strength were measured using a pocket penetrometer and in situ shear box, respectively. The results showed that soil penetration resistance (i.e. soil hardness) at both dry and wet conditions significantly was increased upon short-, mid- and long-term applications of wastewater; 19 years of the application of wastewater resulted in the highest soil penetration resistance at wet condition, but the well water did not significantly affect it. Surface crust in the non-irrigated locations increased the soil penetration resistance, but the irrigated sealed soils were not significantly different from the virgin soil in terms of dry and wet penetration resistances. For the soil shear strength parameters, wastewater, well water and surface crust did not significantly affect soil cohesion (c), they but significantly affected the angle of internal friction (φ). Overall, soil shear strength parameters were not greatly affected by the irrigation water treatments because of the dominant effect of the soil fractions (texture and gravel content) and the microstructure.
3554 Ggeneral Accuracy Analysis of Precipitation Regionalization Methods Based on Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Zayandeh-Rud River Basin Amini M. A. g Torkan G. h Eslamian S. S. i Zareian M. J. j Besalatpour A. A. k g 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. h 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. i 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. j 2. Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran. k 3. Inter 3 GmbH - Institute for Resource Management, Berlin, Germany. 1 6 2019 23 1 17 30 06 08 2017 28 11 2017 In the present study, we used 27 precipitation average monthly data from synoptic, climatologic, rain-guage and evaporative stations located in Zayandeh-Rud river basin for the period of 1970-2014. Before interpolating, the missing data in the time series of each station was reconstructed by the normal ratio method. Also, for the data quality control, the Dickey-Fuller and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to check the data stationarity and normality. Then, these data were interpolated by six interpolation methods including   Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbor, Tension Spline, Regularized Spline, Ordinary Kriging and Universal Kriging; then each method was evaluated using the cross-validation technique with MAE, MBE and RMSE indices. The results showed that among the spatial interpolation methods, Natural Neighbor method with MAE of 0.24 had the best performance for interpolating precipitation among all of the methods. Also, among Ordinary Kriging, Universal Kriging, Spline and Inverse Distance Weighting methods, respectively, Exponential Kriging with MAE 0.54, Quadratic Drift Kriging with MAE of 0.5, Tension Spline with the MAE of 0.54 and Inverse Distance Weighting with the power of 4 with MAE of 0.57 had the least error compared to other IDW methods. 3375 Ggeneral Study of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Variations in Different Aggregate Size Distributions in an Agricultural Soil Rahmati S. l Vaezi A. R. m Bayat H. n l 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. m 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. n 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 31 42 14 11 2016 30 10 2017 Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is one of the most important soil physical characteristics that plays a major role in the soil hydrological behaviour. It is mainly affected by the soil structure characteristics. Aggregate size distribution is a measure of soil structure formation that can affect Ks. In this study, variations of Ks were investigated in various aggregate size distributions in an agricultural soil sample. Toward this aim, eight different aggregate size distributions with the same mean weight diameter (MWD= 4.9 mm) were provided using different percentages of aggregate fractions consisting of (< 2, 2-4, 4-8 and 8-11mm). The Ks values along with other physicochemical properties were determined in different aggregate size distributions. Based on the results, significant differences were found among the aggregate size distributions in Ks, particle size distribution, porosity, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter and calcium carbonate. The aggregate size distributions with a higher percentage of coarse aggregates (4-8 and 8-11 mm) also showed higher Ks as well as clay percentage. A positive correlation was also observed between Ks and clay, aggregate stability and EC, whereas sand showed a negative correlation with Ks. No significant correlations were found between Ks and silt, porosity and organic matter. Further, multiple linear regression analysis showed that clay and aggregate stability were the two soil properties controlling Ks in the aggregate size distributions (R2=0.80, p<0.01). Aggregate stability was recognized as the most important indicator for evaluating the Ks variations in various aggregate size distributions. 3496 Ggeneral The Effect of Conjunctive Irrigation with Seawater and Fresh Water on Yield and Yield Components of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Jamali S. o Sajadi F. p o 1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. p 1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 43 55 15 04 2017 08 01 2018 Due to the limited freshwater, farmers have to use exotic waters such as seawater. One of the management methods is the conjunction use of fresh and seawater. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of conjunctive irrigation with seawater and fresh water on the yield and yield components of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in greenhouse conditions. The research was done based on a completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2016. In this study, there were five irrigation regimes (Irrigation with one-third of the sea water with tsp water, Irrigation with half seawater and then one more half with fresh water, Alternate irrigation with seawater and tap water, and Conjunction irrigation). The results inducted that the effect of different irrigation regimes on Umbrellas per plant, umbels per umbrellas and thousand kernel weights was highly significant (P<0.01), but the number of leaves per plant, branches number, the number of seeds per plant, and the seed number in umbrellas were significant at 5 percent level (P<0.05). In this study, all parameters were decreased significantly with the increase at all levels of water salinity. The results showed that one-third seawater and tap water irrigation regime, as compared to other regimes after control regimes, had the highest Umbrellas per plant, umbels per umbrellas, the number of leaves per plant, branches number, the number of seeds per plant, and the seed number in umbrellas. One-third, half alternate, alternate and the mixture of sea water and tap water resulted in the decrease of thousand kernel weights, reaching ti 13.6, 19.0, 30.1 and 65.1 percent, respectively. 3348 Ggeneral Relationship between the Added Value of Water Sector and the Value of Agriculture, Industry and Electricity Sectors in Mazandaran Province Darzi-Naftchali A. Rafierad S. Khoshravesh M. Asgari A. Babaei M. R. Zabardast-Rostami H. 1. Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 2. Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. 1. Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1. Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 3. Payam e Noor University, Mazandaran 1. Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 57 66 10 09 2016 24 01 2018 Water is a vital source for both human and biological living. Today, water management and conservation, not only both in developing countries but also in and the developed countries ones, has is of great importance. In the traditional economy, water is not considered as a productive factor in the national accounts; however, but in reality, water is the primary factor in many direct and indirect goods and services. To evaluate the effect of growth in the added value of agriculture, industry and electricity sectors on the added value of water sector in the Mazandaran province, coefficients of ARDL model were estimated using the Micro fit software. The extended Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used for the statistical test of variables. The static test of variables showed that all variables were significant at the 95% confidence level and were also consistent with the theory. A 1% increase (decrease) in the added value of industry and electricity resulted in the increase of 0.54 % and 0.39 %, respectively, increase (decrease) in the added value of the water sector, respectively. Also, 1% increase (decrease) in the added value of the agricultural sector caused in a 0.54% increase (decrease) in the added value of the water sector. Industry and electricity sectors affected the added value of water sector more than agriculture. In the long-term, the growth of the added value of the industry sector had the greatest impact on the growth of the added value of water sector. Based on the results, controlling water use in agriculture, industry and electricity sectors increases increased the effects of the added value of these sectors on the added value of the water sector. 3473 Ggeneral Investigation of Pedodiversity Indices, Soil Differentiation and Soil-Landscape Evolution in the Semi-Arid Region of Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiyari Province Zeraatpisheh M. Ayoubi Sh. Khademi H. Jafari A. 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran., 2. Department of Soil Science, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 67 86 02 03 2017 05 02 2018 Landscapes are considered as a series of different land units with a size, shape and location arrangement that are permanently under the influence of natural events and human activities. Understanding the dynamics and heterogeneity of landscapes and environmental changes is of great importance. In order to quantitatively analyze and interpret the factors affecting the changes in the environment and terrain diversity, diversity indices were used to analyze the ecosystem. In this study, the relationships between soils evolution and geomorphic surfaces were investigated by applying pedodiversity indices in a part of a semi-arid region of Chaharmahal-Va-Bakhtiyari Province. In the studied area, three orders were recognized: Mollisols, Inceptisols, and Entisols. The results showed that soil evolution in the studied area was mostly influenced by topography, parent material and the underground water level; that is, in the higher lands, the lowest evolution was observed while in the plain ones, the soil of the higher evolution observed. In addition, the effect of geomorphic surfaces were obvious. Pedodiversity indices increased under the decrease of the hierarchy levels. In addition, the obtained equations revealed the nonlinear relationships in the area of geomorphic surfaces. The positive and nonlinear relationship between pedodiversity indices confirmed the nonlinear dynamic system in the studied soils. 3636 Ggeneral Investigation of Virtual Water and Ecological Footprints of Water in Wheat Fields of Isfahan Province Oveisi F. Fattahi Ardakani A. Fehresti Sani M. 1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran. 1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran. 1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 87 99 29 12 2017 10 03 2018 Despite the recent droughts in Isfahan province, climatic changes and the rising trend of population growth, as well as development of industrial and agricultural activities, are exposed to the water crisis. Thus, in order to tackle this problem, the essential strategies should including exploring virtual water and water foot print for strategic crops in agricultural sector should be taken into consideration for the management of water supplies at risk. This study was aimed to examine virtual water and ecologic fingerprint of water for the wheat crop in Isfahan Province from the farming year 2006-7 through 2014-15. For this purpose, the quantity of virtual water was extracted using net irrigation demand by NETWAT software and the rate of irrigation efficiency was computed to be 48%. The results indicated that only in 2007, Isfahan province was an exporter of virtual water for the wheat crop, so this province exported about 0.15 billion cubic meters of virtual water to other provinces by wheat exportation, but Isfahan province was the only virtual water in the years (2008-15) and this was due to the annual population rise and the existing drought in this zone. During this period, the rate of the mean annual rate of ecological footprint of water was 5.87 billion cubic meters and Isfahan Province stored this volume of water from the given internal supplies annually, with the mean rate of 0.65 billion cubic meters of virtual water importation at that year. 3622 Ggeneral Evaluating Changes and Forecasting Minimum Temperature in the West of Mazandaran Province Using Statistical Downscaling Model SDSM Asakereh H. Shahbaee Kotenaee A. Foroumadi M. 1. Department of Climatology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 1. Department of Climatology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 101 119 04 12 2017 14 03 2018 In the vast majority parts of the Earth, a prospect now visible is the mostly synthetic thinking and fabrication by the human hand. Collision and impact of humans on the natural environment in the short and long-term courses for obvious geographical features have changed a variety of spaces. One of the consequences of human impact on the natural environment during the current period is the phenomenon of climate change. One of the climatic parameters that plays an important role in agriculture, energy, urban, tourism and road transport is the minimum temperature. In this study, an attempt was made using the minimum temperature data from 5 meteorological stations in the West Mazandaran province, as well as HADCM3 model data, to show how to change this parameter in the future periods based on simulation by the SDSM model. Accordingly, after selection of the suitable climate variables and model calibration, the accuracy of the created model in the base period was evaluated; after ensuring the sufficient accuracy of the model according to A2 and B2 scenario, data minimum temperature in 2100 was simulated. Based on the simulation results showed that the values of minimum temperature in the region over the coming years would increase. This parameter was such that the average seasonal periods 2016 to 2039, 2040 to 2069 and 2070 to 2099, as compared to the baseline period would increase, on average, by 1.8, 3.5 and 6 percent. The largest increases in the minimum temperature in the western and southern parts of the region could occur. It was also found that unlike other months of the year, the minimum temperature in January would be a decreasing trend. 3608 Ggeneral The Role of Electrocoagulation and Complementary Flocculation in Reducing the COD of Wastewater Detergents for Irrigation Use Hasheminejada H. Sayedbarzin M. Jeirany K. Taebi A. 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 121 131 31 10 2017 14 03 2018 Detergents are the main organic pollutants in the industrial and domestic wastewater. Electro-chemistry methods are advanced purification methods developed with high efficiency features. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of using electrocoagulation and the complementary flocculation process to achieve the highest removal efficiency of the detergent COD. So, with iron electrode, synthetic samples at the concentrations of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/l (with COD of 217, 268 and 370 mg/l, respectively) and with the initial pH levels of 5, 7.3 and 9 were tested. Variable parameters during the electrocoagulation process included the current duration at 3, 5 and 10 minutes, and the current density was at 4, 10, 16 and 22 mA/cm2. The primary results showed that in the optimum conditions, the coagulation process and complementary flocculation could reduce the sample’s COD with an initial concentration of detergent (500 mg/l) from 217 mgO2/l to 81.30 mgO2/l. The electrocoagulation method could reduce the chemical oxygen demand to below the standard limit of environmental discharge (200 mgO2/l) and compensate for the possibility of the irrigation of green spaces due to water shortages. 3449 Ggeneral Irrigation Management of Subsurface Drip Irrigation of Palm Trees under Arid and Semiarid Regions Salamati N. Dehghanisanij H. Behbahani L. 1. Research Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran. 2. Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 3. Researcher of Food Industry, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 133 148 04 02 2017 18 04 2018 In order to investigate the effect of water quantity in subsurface drip irrigation on water use efficiency of palm yield and yield components, and determining suitable irrigation treatments for three different date cultivars, a split plot experiment design in a randomized complete block design with three replications were applied for three cropping years (2013-2016), at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. The applied irrigation water in three levels based on 75, 100 and 125 percent of water requirement in the main plots and three cultivars of Kabkab, Khasi and Zahidi dates were compared in sub plots. The irrigation level of 75% with 0.646 kg of dates per 1 cubic meter of water in terms of water use efficiency as compared to the other two levels of irrigation showed a significant superiority. The Khasi cultivar with 83.9 pips and 29.2929 fruits in the cluster ranked first. The irrigation level of 125% with 11.1% were higher in fruit moisture, and 100% and 75% irrigation levels with 9.6% and 7.8% moisture content were the next. The irrigation level of 125% for Kabkab cultivar with a volume of 11.1 cubic centimeters were ranked first. Optimizing water use and reducing it to 10606 cubic meters per hectare in irrigation level of 75% water treatment will save water consumption. If the basis for comparing the amount of water used in 100% water treatment is considered, then the use of subtropical drip irrigation reduces water consumption by 2509.6 and 5019.2 cubic meters per hectare, respectively, compared to 100 and 125% water requirements. 3380 Ggeneral Soil Fe Forms in Sugarcane Cultivations with Different Utilization Histories Habibian M. Jafari S. Sheklabadi M. 1. Master of Water and Soil Agro-Industry Imam Khomeini, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. 2. Associate Professor, Ramin agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Molla Sani – Khouzestan, Iran. 3. Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 149 164 21 11 2016 18 04 2018 Sugarcane is cultivated in the wide area in Khuzestan province. In these areas, irrigated sugarcane cultivation consumes more than 30,000 cubic meters per hectare annually. This research was carried out to determine the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process and forms of iron oxides. Different sugarcane fields with different utilization times were selected and soil physico-chemical properties and different Fe forms were measured. The results showed that with enhancing the utilization time, the total amount of total iron oxides (Fed) and crystalline iron oxides (Fed-Feo) was increased. The average value of the Fed from 6958 mg/kg in the fields with a medium utilization history was decreased to 4560 mg/kg in fields with a short utilization history. Similarly, the average amount of crystalline iron oxide from 5888.3 mg/kg in the fields with a long utilization history was decreased to 5003.9 mg/kg in the fields with a short utilization hostory. This increase reflected the effect of sugarcane cultivation on the soil development process in the cultivated fields. The amount of non-crystalline iron oxides (Feo) was decreased from 443.9 mg/kg from the soil surface to 273.8 mg/kg to the subsurface. This increase was related to the more organic matter and the microbial activity in the surface soil. The amount of active iron (Feo/Fed) was dropped in all fields after the cultivation. Also, this ratio was dropped from 0.055 in the fields with a long cultivation history to 0.064 in the fields with a short utilized field. The results, therefore, showed that the increase of crystalline iron oxides was due to sugarcane and its heavy irrigation. 3517 Ggeneral Development of Advection-Dispersion Model of Dissolved Oxygen Using Numerical Solutions Mirhashemi A. Shayannejad M. 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 165 175 03 06 2017 10 04 2018 Urban and industrial wastewaters are considered as the most contaminant of surface water. Entrance   of these pollutants to the river reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen and aquatic life will be threatened. So, one of the main qualitative characteristics of water resources management is the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The base of the   developed model in this investigation is the convection- diffusion equation in soil. Terms of production and decay of dissolved oxygen were added to this equation. The final equation was discretized using the finite difference method with the implicit scheme. With applying the initial and boundary conditions, the equation set was solved by the Thomas algorithm. The calculations were done by programming in the MATLAB software. For the calibration and validation of the model, data obtained from two reaches of Zayanderoud River, including steel melt and Mobarakeh Steel factories, were used. The temporal and spatial variations of the dissolved oxygen were plotted and compared with the real data and the results of the MSP and CSP models. The results showed that the concentration of the dissolved oxygen could be well predicted through solving convection-diffusion equation with introducing two terms for the decay and production of oxygen. The comparison between the results of the model and two other models showed that the model led to better results in comparison to the MSP and CSP models. 3637 Ggeneral Measurement and Comparison of Soil Splash Rates under the Influence of Acidity and Rain Intensity A. Kavian Alipour A. Soleimani K. Gholami L. 1. Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1. Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1. Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1. Department of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 177 186 30 12 2017 24 04 2018 Nowadays, acid rain serves as one of the most serious environmental problems has affected many regions in the world. This phenomenon is characterized by many environmental impacts, such as soil contamination and degradation. Acid rain immediately affects soil, causing soil particles to breakdown and be dispersed; this is the first step to initiate the soil erosion. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different pH levels of acid rain (at different levels) on the soil splash was investigated under laboratory conditions using a rain simulator and a cup splash. In the experiments, acid rains, with the pH values of 3.75, 4.25, 5.25 and normal rains at three intensities of 40, 60 and 80 mmh-1, were studied; finally, a number of 36 samples were taken for statistical analyses. SPSS 23 and EXCEL 2013 software and one way and two-way ANOVA were used for the statistical analysis at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that at the intensities of 40 and 60 mmh-1, the splash rate was significantly different in all pH treatments, and the acid rain with pH of 3.75 showed the highest splash rate. However, no significant difference was found at the rain intensity of 80 mmh-1, despite the higher splash rate at the pH of 4.25 and 5.25 treatments. Also, the results of the comparison of the means showed that the soil splash rate was also increased with enhancing rain intensity. Finally, the two-way ANOVA test showed that the simultaneous interaction effects of the two factors of pH and rain intensity on soil splash was not significant. 3612 Ggeneral Groundwater Quality Zoning for Agricultural and Drinking Usage Using Water Quality Index and Geostatistics Techniques in Semnan Watershed Ghandali M. Shayesteh K. Sadi Mesgari M. 1. Department of Environment, Environment and Natural Resource Faculty, University Malayer, Malayer, Iran. 1. Department of Environment, Environment and Natural Resource Faculty, University Malayer, Malayer, Iran. 2. Department of GIS, Faculty of Mapping Engineering Industrial, University of Khaje Nasireddin Toosi, Tehran, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 187 198 08 11 2017 29 04 2018 Determination of water quality is an essential issue in water resources management and its monitoring and zoning should be considered as an important principle in planning. In this study, in order to investigate the quality of groundwater resources (springs, wells and qanats) in Semnan watershed, first, the water quality index for drinking and agricultural purposes was obtained by means of measuring SO4, Cl, Na, Mg, PH, EC, SAR, TDS in 55 groundwater sources. For calculating the parameters weight in WQI, the fuzzy hierarchy analysis process was used with the Chang's development analysis. Due to the lack of sampling points for zoning of the entire area, regarding the existence of EC data for the majority of groundwater resources used in this catchment (354 sources), as well as the high correlation (Adjusted R2=0.99) between WQI with EC, the mentioned indexes of other resources were estimated based on the regression relationship with EC. To analyze the spatial distribution and monitor the zoning of the groundwater quality, the ArcGIS version 10.3 and Geostatistical method such as simple Kriging and ordinary Kriging were used; additionally certain methods including Inverse distance weighting and Radial Basis Function were utilized. The performance criteria for evaluating the used methods including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), %RMSE and R2 were used to select the appropriate method. Our results showed that the ordinary Kriging and Radial Basis Function were the best methods to estimate the groundwater quality. 3625 Ggeneral Assessment of AquaCrop, WOFOST and CropSyst models for Estimating Sugar Beet Yield under Water Deficit Conditions Ebrahimipak N. A. Egdernezhad A. 1. Department of Irrigation and Soil Physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 2. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 199 207 17 12 2017 05 05 2018 Sugar beet is one of the most important agricultural crops and its yield depends on irrigation water. Due to the impossibility of assessing the effect of all water amount strategies on sugar beet yield, it is necessary to use crop models such as WOFOST, AquaCrop and Cropsyst. In order to achieve this goal, a set of data collected from Shahrekord’s Agricultural Research Station were used. Treatments consisted of irrigation water amount (in five levels: E0: 100%, E1: 85%, E2: 70%, E3: 55%, and E4: 30%) based on crop evapotranspiration in different growth stages (T1: initial, T2: T2: mid-season, and T3: late season). The values of RMSE statistical criteria for the results of AquaCrop, WOFOST and CropSyst simulation were equal to 0.57, 0.68, and 0.26 ton.ha-1, respectively. NRMSE results were also obtained to be 0.11, 0.13, and 0.05 ton.ha-1 for the mentioned crop mpdels, respectively. The results of the EF criteria revealed that CropSyst (0.91) had better efficiency, as compared to AquaCrop (0.62) and WOFOST (0.47). Regarding the results, it is suggested to use CropSyst to simulate sugar beet yield in similar conditions. 3626 Ggeneral Assessment of the Environmental Pollution of some Heavy Metals in Abadan City Street Dust using Geographic Information System (GIS) Halil M. Ghanavati N. Nazarpour A. 1. Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. 2. Department of Geology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 209 221 20 12 2017 06 05 2018 High concentrations of heavy metals in street dust are considered to be a serious risk to the human health and the environment. In this study, 30 dust samples were collected from the pavements in the main streets of Abadan to determine the level of pollution of heavy metals in the street dust. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method. The level of heavy metals pollution was estimated based on enrichment factor, pollution index and Nemro Integrated Pollution Index. The average concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, V, As and Co were 59.13, 287.50, 112.97, 50.03, 0.52, 56.77, 35.83, 7.10 and 7.53 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the average enrichment factor (EF), Ni, Cu and Pb had high levels of contamination and Zn contamination was high. According to the mean of pollution index (PI), heavy metals of Zn and Pb had a high contamination. According to the Nemro Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), 96.66% of the samples had a high degree of contamination. The spatial distribution pattern of the heavy metals concentration showed that in the areas with high population densities, high traffic volumes and urban shopping centers, heavy metal pollution was severe. 3683 Ggeneral Assessment and Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Return Periods Using Spectral Analysis and its Effect on Land Management (A Case Study: Khodaafarin Area, East Azerbaijan) Ahmadi O. Alamdari P. Servati M. Khoshzaman T. Shahbaee kootenaee A. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 2. Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 3. PhD. of Soil Physics, Soil and Water Research Department, Zanjan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Zanjan, Iran. 4. Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 223 235 10 03 2018 06 05 2018 Changes in Climate parameters have been accelerated in the coming age, which can affect agricultural activities directly and indirectly. Temperature and precipitation are the most complex climatic factors. Spectral analysis is a scientific and efficient technique used to recognize and detect the hidden behaviors of these variables. In this research, in order to study and analyze the temperature and precipitation return periods using spectral analysis, the statistics of climate parameters (precipitation, mean, maximum and minimum temperature) for a period of 27 years (1989-2015) were used for the sustainable land management. For this purpose, the climatic data of temperature and precipitation entered the MATLAB software environment and Periodogram of each of the climatic parameters was drawn in a separate way. The results of each Periodogram study showed that the absolute minimum of temperature had significant cycles with the return periods of 3.8 and 2.4 years; the absolute maximum of temperature had a significant cycle with a return period of 2.1 years and the mean temperature was significant with a return period of 2.7 years. Also, the review of the Periodogram related to precipitation showed a significant cycle with a return period of 3.4 years. The Results from studying cycles indicated the existence of short-term return periods for climate variables in the region. Given this issue and the need to protect agricultural products, especially garden products, it should be done by applying water and soil resources management methods, including creating terraces and increasing soil roughness; Also, cultivation of appropriate plant species for the suitable regional climatic conditions, Drought resistant and low water requirement, the most optimal conditions could be created for the cultivation of horticultural and agricultural products. 3668 Ggeneral The Influence of Using Soil Particles Percentage in Comparison with Geometric Characteristics of Soil Particles on the Accuracy of the Pedotransfer Equations and the Critical Point of SWRC Javidi A. Shabani A. Amiri M. J. 1. Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran. 1. Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran. 1. Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 237 252 09 02 2018 09 05 2018 Soil water retention curve (SWRC) reflects different states of soil moisture and describes quantitative characteristics of the unsaturated parts of the soil. Direct measurement of SWRC is time-consuming, difficult and costly. Therefore, many indirect attempts have been made to estimate SWRC from other soil properties. Using pedotransfer functions is one of the indirect methods for estimating SWRC. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of using soil particles percentage in comparison with the geometric characteristics of soil particles on the accuracy of the pedotransfer equations of SWRC and the critical point of it. Accordingly, 54 soil samples of Isfahan province from seven texture classes were used. The most suitable functions for estimating SWRC, parameters of van Genuchten and Brooks-Corey equations, and the critical point of SWRC were selected based on statistical indices. The results indicated that the pedotransfer equations fitted the SWRC data well and the outputs from them were in a good agreement with the independent (validation) SWRC data. The results revealed that using soil particles percentage (sand and clay), bulk density and organic matter content in the point estimation of SWRC was better than applying geometric properties of the soil particle diameter. On the other hand, in the estimation of parametric and critical point of SWRC, using the geometric properties of soil particle diameters resulted in more satisfactory results, as compared with using the soil particles percentage. The NRMSE values indicated that the accuracy of the pedotransfer equations in the lower matric head was greater than that of the higher matric head. 3309 Ggeneral Geochemical Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Content in the Long- term Wastewater-irrigated Soils Ghamarnia H. Sasani F. Yargholi B. 1. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Compus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 1. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Compus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 2. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Karaj, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 253 265 29 07 2016 12 05 2018 Exploring the homogenous regions for site specific management is important, especially in the areas under different anthropogenic activities. This was investigated using multi-way analysis including Factor Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and k means in the areas under long-term wastewater irrigation over a period of more than 40 years, in Shahre Rey, south of Tehran. By using Factor Analysis model, eight factors as eight geochemical groups were extracted to explain approximately 60% of the total variance related to 37 soil physicochemical properties. The most important groups included the nutrient elements (OM, OC and N), micronutrients (Mn and B), soil water adsorption capacity (Clay, Silt, Sand and CEC), salinity and osmotic pressure (EC, OP and TDS) and sodification (SAR and Na). The maximum values of Cophenet and Silhouette coefficients were equal to 0.77 and 0.83, respectively, dictating the selection of the average linkage approach in Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and three clusters in the k-average method with 19, 24 and 34 mapping units. The Thiessen Polygons method in GIS was applied to separate the geochemical groups in the form of mapping units. This output, which was, in fact, the combination of multi-way models and its visual representation in GIS under separated mapping units of study area, could present suitable management activities for the areas under each cluster. 3686 Ggeneral Effect of Wastewater Sewage and Zeolite on Yield and some Components of Cotton Yield (A Case Study: Torbat-Heydarieh) Choopan Y. Khashei Siuki A. 1. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. 2. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 267 278 16 03 2018 14 05 2018 Due to the availability of limited water resources in the country, it is necessary to use unconventional water. On the other hand, application of minerals such as Zeolite (Zo) is necessary to simulate plant growth and reduce the harmful effects of wastewater. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation by wastewater with Zo on cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) based on a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement in Torbat Heydarieh, 2014. For this purpose, irrigation water treatment at 2 levels (I1: irrigation with normal water and I2: irrigation with effluent) and Zeolite (Zo) treatment at 2 levels (Z0: No Zo application and Z1: application of K+ Zeolite at 4% weight) were considered with three replications. The results showed that the irrigation water type had a significant effect on the seed index, yield, cotton weight, number of leaves per plant and the lint percentage. The rate of Zeolite (Zo) did not show any significant effect on any traits, such as Kiel percentage, seed index, cotton weight, number of leaves per plant and cotton yield. The interaction between the irrigation water and the amount of Zo had a significant effect only on the number of leaves per plant. The results also showed that the highest lint percentage, cotton weight and number of leaves per plant in the irrigation by the effluent with No Zo application (I2Z0) treatment with the values of 64.3 and 11.23 gr and 36.3 numbers and the lowest values for the seed index, yield and number of leaves per plant in irrigation by normal water with No Zo application (I1Z0) were obtained with the values of 0.52 and 78 gr and 24.8. 3594 Ggeneral Experimental Analysis on the Water Entrainment of Turbidity Current over a Mobile Bed Sharifnezhad A. Kashefipour M. Ghomeshi M. 1. Hydraulic Structures Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. 1. Hydraulic Structures Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. 1. Hydraulic Structures Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 279 291 14 10 2017 16 05 2018 Study of Turbidity Current, as one of the most important phenomena affecting the sedimentation in the reservoirs of dams, is essential. Since most of the research studies have been conducted under experimental conditions on rigid beds, the effect of erodible bed and the formation of the bed form on the turbidity current specifications is not yet clear. Therefore, in this Research, the study of the turbidity current in two conditions of rigid and mobile bed was conducted in order to determine water entrainment specification and the effective hydraulic parameters. The results showed that water entrainment changes depended on the variation of bed roughness and the type of bed form. Also, water entrainment of turbidity current was initially reduced by about 25% with the change in the bed shear stress, relative to the rigid bed, due to formation of small bed forms; then, it increased by about 30%, forming the larger bed forms; finally it decreased with increasing the flow strength and removing the bed forms. In addition, comparison of the results of the present study with previous research showed that the formation of bed forms increased water entrainment in a constant Richardson number up to 50%. 3627 Ggeneral Assessment Quantitative of Soil Quality in Different Uses of Shahrekord Plain Using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) Hematifard A. Naderi M. Karimi A. Mohammadi J. 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 293 307 21 12 2017 19 05 2018 Assessment of soil quality helps to make a balance between soil function and soil resources, improving soil quality and achieving the sustainable agriculture. For the quantitative evaluation of soil quality in the Shahrekord plain, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, 106 compound surficial soil samples (0-25 cm) were collected. After the pre-treatments of soil samples, 11 physico-chemical soil characteristics/indicators as the total data set (TDS) were measured using the standard methods. Statistical analysis showed the usefulness of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) transformation. The minimum data set (MDS) was selected using PCA. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was carried out for the quantitative determination of indicator priorities and weights. Soil quality of the samples was calculated by introducing TDS and MDS into Integrate Quality Index (IQI) and Nemero Quality Index (NQI). The results showed the soil quality of the land uses was as Rangelands> Drylands<Irrigated croplands. The correlation coefficient between IQI-TDS and IQI-MDS was 0.97, while this value for NQI-TDS and NQI-MDS was 0.98. The correlation coefficient between IQI-TDS and NQI-TDS was 0.87 and that between IQI-MDS and NQI-MDS was 0.91. Classification of the resulted soil quality map IQI-TDS revealed that 12.5 % and 15.5 % of the plain were in very high and low quality conditions, respectively. 3565 Ggeneral Investigation of Dust Microbial Community and Identification of its Dominance Species in Northern Regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province Ali-Soufi M. Shahriari A. Shir Mohammadi E. Fazeli-Nasab B. 1. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran. 1. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran. 1. Soil Science Department, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran. 2. Agricultural Research Institute, University of Zabol, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 309 320 24 08 2017 26 05 2018 Many studies have been done on various properties of dust and one of the most important characteristics of dust is the ability to carry different microorganisms from the source points. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial and fungal community of dust and to identify its dominance species in a single event of intense dust storm, in the northern regions of Sistan and Blauchestan Province (Sistan plain). Dust samples were accordingly collected by Siphon dust samplers after one of the most intense dust storms in 28-31 August, 2015, from 5 cities in the northern regions of Sistan and Blauchestan Province; after that, the microbial community of dust was determined by culturing in petri dish and its dominant bacterial and fungal species were identified. The results showed maximum aerobic and anaerobic bacteria population was observed in the Hirmand city dust (1875000 CFU/g and 156667 CFU/gr, respectively). The maximum aerobic fungi population was observed in the Zabol city (833 CFU/g) and the maximum anaerobic fungus population was observed in Zahak city (2167 CFU/g). The most frequent type of bacteria was Bacillus sp, which was followed by Streptomyces pactum. The most frequent type of fungi in this research was Penicillium sp and the second one was Aspergillus. The results showed the high and variated microbial community, especially pathogenic fungi associated with dust in this region. 3580 Ggeneral The Effect of Fruit Trees Pruning Waste Biochar on some Soil Biological Properties under Rhizobox Conditions Vahedi R. Rasouli Sadaghiani M. H. Barin M. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculity of Agricultvre, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculity of Agricultvre, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculity of Agricultvre, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 321 336 20 09 2017 27 05 2018 The pyrolysis of fruit trees Pruning waste to be converted to biochar with microbial inoculation is a strategy improving the biological properties in calcareous soils. In order to investigate the biochar effect on some soil biological properties of the soil in the presence of microorganisms, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in the rhizobox under greenhouse condition. The factors included organic matter (pruning waste biochar and control), microbial inoculation (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) and soil (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere). After the end of the wheat plant growth period, microbial respiration (BR), Substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil were determined. The results showed that the biochar and microbial inoculation application increased BR, SIR, MBC, MBP and ALP and decreased ACP, as compared to the control. So, the highest increase in the value of BR, SIR and MBC was related to mycorrhizal inoculation with biochar. An increase of 2.67 fold of ACP activity was observed in the treatment of bacterial inoculation with Biochar, as compared to the control treatment. Also, pruning waste biochar increased the amounts of MBC, MBP and ALP by 45.62%, 56.22% and 62.6% in the rhizosphere soil rather than non-rhizosphere soil, respectively. Microbial inoculation led to the increase of 1.31 and 1.41 folds by MBP and ACP in the rhizosphere soil, as compared with non-rhizosphere soil. Bacterial inoculation in the rhizosphere soil increased the ACP enzyme activity (28.31%), as compared with non-rhizosphere soil. It could be concluded that application of biochar in the conditions of microbial inoculation improved the soil biological properties. 3351 Ggeneral Simulation of the Effect of Salinity and Water Stress on Sugar beet Using the System Dynamics Approach Nozari H. Azadi S. Rezaverdinejad V. 1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. 1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. 2. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 337 350 13 09 2016 30 05 2018 Due to the growing population, crop production is one of the essential needs of the society. Since soil and water salinity can have a great impact on the crop yield loss; so, the appropriate irrigation method can be applied to reduce these effects. In this study, the system dynamics model was developed using VENSIM. The model simulated the effect of salinity and water stress on the crop yield, moisture and salinity of the root zone. In order to calibrate and validate the model results, 9 treatments data were collected from the Right Abshar Irrigation Network, on the Zayandehrud basin. After statistical analysis and calculation of RMSE index and the standard error, the fit between the measured and simulated crop yield, the moisture and salinity of root zone was calculated. The average of these indexes for all treatments was 2776.98 kg/ha and 0.07 for crop yield, 0.026 and 0.09 for soil moisture and final, 0.54 dS/m and 0.08 for the salinity of root zone, respectively. The results showed that the model could be calibrated accurately and completely in estimating the crop yield with the reasonable accuracy. 2977 Ggeneral Assessment the Performance of Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Systems for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis (A Case Study: Namak Lake Watershed) Shrifi Garmdareh E. Vafakhah M. Eslamian S. 1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran. 1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran. 2. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 351 366 23 05 2015 09 06 2018 Flood discharge estimation with different return periods is one of important factors for water structures design and installation. On the other hand, a lot of rivers existing in Iran watersheds have no complete and accurate hydrometric data. In these cases, one of the suitable solutions to estimate peak discharges with different return periods is the regional flood analysis. In this research, 55 hydrometric stations were used. For this purpose, at first, peak discharges in different return periods were estimated using the EasyFit software. Then, the effective variables on the peak discharges were collected and the input variables of the models were selected by using gamma test with the help of the WinGamma software. Finally, data modeling was performed using the support vector machine, artificial neural networks and nonlinear multivariate regression techniques. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the results using various indices including Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSC) showed that SVM modeling method had the most accuracy in comparison to the other two modeling methods to predict the peak discharges in the Namak Lake Watershed. 3405 Ggeneral Comparison of Two-point and Two-Time Methods for Estimating the Infiltration Parameters in Meandering Furrow Irrigation Soroush F. Mostafazadeh-Fard B. Mousavi S. F. Abbasi F. 1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. 2. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. 4. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 367 377 19 12 2016 30 06 2018 Infiltration is the most important characteristic in the design and management of any surface irrigation system. Since the hydraulic of flow in meandering furrows is different from the standard furrows, the accuracy of infiltration function parameter estimation methods should be examined for the optimal design and management of meandering furrow irrigation. The main objective of this study was to compare Elliot and Walker’s two-point and two-time methods for estimating the empirical infiltration function parameters of meandering furrow irrigation using four sets of field data. The estimated infiltration functions, as obtained by the two methods, were validated by performing the unsteady flow simulations and using the Slow-change/slow-flow (SC/SF) model. The results showed that Elliot and Walker prediction of the advance trajectories (with a mean RMSE of 0.68 minutes) was comparable to the two-time method (with an average RMSE of 0.66 min). The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for the simulated outflow hydrograph by the two-time and two-point methods was 0.89 and 0.50, respectively, indicating the excellent predictive power of the two-times method. In addition, the two-time method predicted the total volume of infiltration with the less relative error (-1.5%), in comparison to the two-point method (-47.2%). Therefore, the use of post-advance data (such as a two-time method) for infiltration function parameters estimation improves the flow simulation in the meandering furrows. 3367 Ggeneral Survey Fertility Mapping of the Maghan Area Using Global Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Sarvi V. Matinfar H. R. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran. 1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 379 389 25 10 2016 24 07 2018 In the face of rapid growth of the population and the need for food production sectors, one of the ways to achieve this is to increase the production per unit area. In modern agriculture, the preparation of soil fertility map seems to be necessary to plan for appropriate use of fertilizers for crops. This study was conducted to prepare a distinct map for evaluating the soil fertility according to soil chemical properties in 191 soil samples of Ardabil Plain in Ardabil Province. To achieve this goal, the available N and P, K, EC, Fe, Zn, Mn and the organic matter of soil were mapped using geostatistical Kriging estimator into the Geographic Information System (GIS) by the ArcGIS software. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for weighting the soil fertility factors as the input data. Then, a membership functions was defined for each factor by factorial scoring and the map of soil fertility was prepared and classified by using the AHP technique into the GIS program. The results showed that most of nitrogen and phosphorus with the weight of 0.293, 0.202 had the mostly infraction on the soil fertility and production. Survey map of the distribution showed that most of the factors were studied in the northern region with the low nutrients. The results also showed that 23.7 percent of cultivated land fertility maps had a poor fertility status, 28.3 percent of the land had a moderate fertility status, 25.4 percent of the land was good and the fertile land with 22.6 percent had a very good fertility status. 3593 Ggeneral Interaction Efect between Water Deficit and Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on the Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa L.) Abdi S. Pirzad A. 1. Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. 2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 391 403 10 10 2017 10 10 2018 Water stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi species on the growth and yield (quantity and quality) of Onobrychis sativa under water deficit condition, a greenhouse factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2014. Treatments included five species of mycorrhizal fungi (Fanelormis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis caledonius, Glomus versiforme and non-mycorrhizal control) and two levels of irrigation (irrigation at 80% [well watering] and 50% [water deficit] field capacity [FC]). The highest grain yield (9.187 g/plant) was obtained from the stressed plants inoculated with Rh. intraradices with the same grain yield of F. mosseae inoculated plants (8.867 g/plant). With a significant reduction in the grain yield of stressed plants, mycorrhizal relationships even increased the yield more than the well-watered plants. Despite the decreases in the grain protein and phosphorous of water-deficit stressed mycorrhizal plants, the highest grain protein content was obtained from the plants inoculated with G. versiforme, and the highest grain phosphorus content was obtained from the plants inoculated with F. mosseae. Mycorrhizal symbiosis enhanced the yield and the quality of Sanfoin grain in water deficit stressed plants due to reducing root volume against the stimulating root elongation. In this way, the species G. versiforme exhibited the greatest positive effect. 3735 Ggeneral An Experimental Study of the Discharge of the Length Increase Effect on the Composite Trapezoidal Labyrinth Spillway Azarpeyvand H. Emadi A. R. Sedghi Asl M. 1. Department of Irrigation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 1. Department of Irrigation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran. 1 6 2019 23 1 405 418 14 06 2018 15 10 2018 Labyrinth weirs are the economic structures to increase the weir output efficiency in limited widths, which can be seen in the plane f trapezoidal and triangular forms. These weirs with a hydraulic load and fixed width pass the more discharge in comparison to other type of weirs. In this study, labyrinth weirs trapezoidal in plane form were investigated. The experiments were performed on 27 laboratory models with 9 different discharge rates and a total of 243 tests. The results showed that, in all of the composite trapezoidal labyrinth weirs, the ratio of discharge coefficient to Ht/p (Ht: Total hydraulic load and p: weir length) weir length was increased at first; after reaching the maximum rate, it started to decrease. According to the suggested general relation, the utmost impact on discharge coefficient resulted from the cycle number and  Ht/p relation. Creating new labyrinth on the wing of the weir led to the increase of the effective length; as a result of it, the discharge rate increased in a specific amount of Ht/p. Also, the discharge through a trapezoidal labyrinth weir with the semicircular planform was better than the square; the square, in turn, was better than the simple trapezoidal weirs.