Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effect of Urban Waste Compost Leachate on the Soil Physical, Hydraulic, Moisture Characteristics and Corn Yield
1
14
FA
B.
Torabi Farsani
1. Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
bamdadmehr2012@yahoo.com
Y
M.
Afyuni
1. Department of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
afyuni@cc.iut.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.40251
Compost leachate is a liquid resulting from physical, chemical and biological decomposition of organic materials. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of leachate compost on the physical, hydraulic and soil moisture characteristic curves. Also, the effect of leachate on the aerial organ fresh weight of corn was investigated. Leachate was added to clay loam and sandy clay loam soils at the rate of zero, 1.25 and 2.5 weight percent. The soil water characteristic curve and the estimation of the parameters of the van Gnuchten and Brooks and Corey models were performed using RETC software. Leachate increased the bulk density and decreased the available water of the clay loam soil. Only 1.25% of the leachate increased the available water in the sandy clay loam soil. Two levels of leachate decreased the bulk density of sandy clay loam soil. Leachate decreased the saturation hydraulic conductivity of the clay loam and increased this parameter of sandy clay loam soil. Leachate was more successful in increasing the aerial organ fresh weight of corn in the sandy clay loam soil. Therefore, leachate was more useful in sandy clay loam than in clay loam soil, and 1.25% treatment was better in the sandy clay loam soil. Also, the used leachate increased the repellency of both soils. Leachate caused the parameters of van Gnuchten and Brooks and Corey models to increase, as compared to the control in both soils.
Compost leachate, Soil moisture characteristic curve, Bulk density, Available water, Saturated hydraulic conductivity.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3794-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3794-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effect of Supplementary Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on the Yield and Water Productivity of Autumn Rapeseed Cultivar Rohan (Khorramabad)
15
26
FA
F.
Alizadeh
1. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
alizadeh.f1063@gmail.com
N
A. H.
Nasrolahi
1. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
nasrolahi.a@lu.ac.ir
Y
M.
Saeedinia
1. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
saeedinia.m@lu.ac.ir
N
M.
Sharifipour
1. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
sharifipour.majid@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.40693
In areas with high rainfall distribution, proper irrigation management, including complementary irrigation, is one of the effective strategies to increase crop production. In order to investigate the effect of supplementary irrigation in different growth stages on the yield and water productivity of Autumn rapeseed, an experiment in the form of a complete randomized block design with five irrigation management treatments including rainfed (I1), single irrigation at flowering stage (I2), single Irrigation at pod filling stage (I3), two irrigation at pod filling stage and flowering (I4), three irrigation at flowering, and pod filling and grain Filling stages (I5) was carried out at Lorestan University Research Field. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the effects of different irrigation treatments at 1% level. The lowest grain yield, biological yield and oil yield were obtained in I1 treatment with 44.62%, 50.95% and 53.58% decrease, as compared to I5 treatment. The results also showed that by applying irrigation at pod filling stage, grain yield and oil yield were increased by 13.22% and 20.23%, as compared to I1 treatment. The highest total productivity for the grain yield and oil yield was obtained in I5 treatment with 0.252 and 0.073 kg / m3. In general, due to the fact that drought stress in rapeseed calving stages reduces yield, the higher the number of irrigations in rapeseed calving stages, the more the yield.
Single irrigation, Oil yield, Biological yield, Water stress
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3979-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3979-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Optimization of Gene Expression Programming Model using Wavelet Transform for Simulating Long-term Rainfall in Anzali City
27
42
FA
F.
Hayati
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
farshadhayati@gmail.com
N
A.
Rajabi
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
ahmad.rajabi1974@gmail.com
Y
M.
Izadbakhsh
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
izadbakhsh.mohammad.ali @gmail.com
N
S.
Shabanlou
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
saeid.shabanlou@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42421
Due to drought and climate change, estimation and prediction of rainfall is quite important in various areas all over the world. In this study, a novel artificial intelligence (AI) technique (WGEP) was developed to model long-term rainfall (67 years period) in Anzali city for the first time. This model was combined using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) model. Firstly, the most optimized member of wavelet families was chosen. Then, by analyzing the numerical models, the most accurate linking function and fitness function were selected for the GEP model. Next, using the autocorrelation function (ACF), the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) and different lags, 15 WGEP models were introduced. The GEP models were trained, tested and validated in 37, 20- and 10-years periods, respectively. Also, using sensitivity analysis, the superior model and the most effective lags for estimating long-term rainfall were identified. The superior model estimated the target function with high accuracy. For instance, correlation coefficient and scatter index for this model were 0.946 and 0.310, respectively. Additionally, lags 1, 2, 4 and 12 were proposed as the most effective lags for simulating rainfall using hybrid model. Furthermore, results of the superior hybrid model were compared with GEP model that the hybrid model had more accuracy.
Hybrid model, Rainfall, Time series, Simulation, Sensitivity analysis
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3989-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3989-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Comparison of Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Parametric and Non-parametric Regression Methods in the Prediction of the Mean Daily Discharge of Karun River
(A case Study: Mollasani Hydrometric Station)
43
62
FA
M.
Alinezhadi
1- Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
mehdi_alinejadi@semnan.ac.ir
Y
S. F.
Mousavi
1- Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
fmousavi@semnan.ac.ir
N
Kh.
Hosseini
1- Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
khhoseini@semnan.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.1012
Nowadays, the prediction of river discharge is one of the important issues in hydrology and water resources; the results of daily river discharge pattern could be used in the management of water resources and hydraulic structures and flood prediction. In this research, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), parametric Linear Regression (LR), parametric Nonlinear Regression (NLR) and non-parametric K- Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) were used to predict the average daily discharge of Karun River in Mollasani hydrometric station for the statistical period of 1967-2017. Different combinations of the recorded data were used as the input pattern to predict the mean daily river discharge. The obtained esults indicated that GEP, with R2= 0.827, RMSE= 59.45 and MAE= 26.64, had a better performance, as compared to LR, NLR and K-NN methods, at the validation stage for daily Karun River discharge prediction with 5-day lag, at the Mollasani station. Also, the performance of the models in the maximum discharge prediction showed that all models underestimated the flow discharge in most cases.
River discharge, Gene expression programming, Linear and nonlinear regression, K- nearest neighbor, Karun.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3999-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3999-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
The Analysis of the Indexes of Furrow Irrigation Efficiency Evaluation for the Condition of Uniform and Variable Infiltration
63
74
FA
F.
Haghnazari
1. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Water and Soil, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran.
Farzadnazari85@gmail.com
N
M.
Ghanbarian Alavijeh
2. Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran.
m.ghanbarian@ag.iut.ac.ir
Y
A.
Sheini Dashtegol
3. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Water Sciences & Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
sheinidashtegol@yahoo.com
N
S.
Boroomand Nnasab
3. Irrigation and Drainage Department, College of Water Sciences & Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
boroomand@scu.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42441
Changes in soil infiltration cause changes in irrigation efficiencies; therefore, estimating it in calculating irrigation efficiencies provides a more accurate estimate of irrigation performance indicators. In a study conducted on ARC2-7 farm in Amirkabir agro-industry in the 2010-2011 crop year, during four irrigations; two furrows were selected in terms of uniform infiltration and variable infiltration with a length of 140 and a width of 1.83 m. In the furrow assuming uniform infiltration two flume type II, at the beginning and end of it, were installed and the cumulative infiltration was determined by the volume balance method. The furrow with variable conditions was divided into four sections by installing five flumes. By examining the spatial variations of the mean cumulative infiltration, its value decreased from the first to the fourth section for the first irrigation by 15% and for the subsequent irrigations by 13%. Temporal changes of cumulative infiltration decreased by 27 and 30% for the first and second sections and by 26% for the third and fourth sections. An 11% increase in the average weight of the aggregate diameter and a 7% decrease in bulk density indicate physical changes in the soil. Surface runoff losses increased from 8 to 18.77% in the furrow assuming uniform infiltration and from 10.91 to 19.77% in the furrow with variable infiltration, and application efficiency decreased by 6%.
Furrow irrigation, application efficiency, Permeability, infiltration variations
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3996-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3996-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Optimization of ANFIS Model using Genetic Algorithm for Estimation of Scour Depth around Bridge Abutments
75
89
FA
E.
Yarmohammadi
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
ehsan.yarmohamadi@gmail.com
N
S.
Shabanlou
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
saeid.shabanlou@gmail.com
Y
A.
Rajabi
1. Department of Water Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
ahmad.rajabi1974@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.13931
Optimization of artificial intelligence (AI) models is a significant issue because it enhances the performance and flexibility of the numerical models. In this study, scour depth around bridge abutments with different shapes was estimated by means of ANFIS and ANFIS-Genetic Algorithm. In other words, the membership functions of the ANFIS model were optimized using the genetic algorithm, finding that the performance of ANFIS model was increased. Firstly, effective input parameters on the scour depth around bridge abutments were defined. Then, by using the input parameters, eleven ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models were produced. Next, the superior ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models were introduced by analyzing the numerical results. For example, the correlation coefficient and scatter index for ANFIS model were calculated to be 0.979 and 0.070; for ANFIS-GA, these were 0.986 and 0.056, respectively. In addition, the average discrepancy ratio (DRave) for ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models was 0.984 and 0.988, respectively. Also, it was shown that the ANFIS-GA models had more accuracy, as compared to the ANFIS models. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis showed that Froude number (Fr) and ratio of flow depth to radius of scour hole (h/L) were the most influential input parameters for simulating the scour depth around bridge abutments.
ANFIS, Algorithm genetic, Optimization, Scour, Bridge abutment, Sensitivity analysis
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3938-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3938-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effects of Drought Stress and Species Variation on Carbon and Nitrogen Microbial Biomass and β-glucosaminidase Activity in the Rhizosphere of Grasses
91
102
FA
S.
Abdi Ardestani
1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
s.abdi@ag.iut.ac.ir
N
B.
Khalili
1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
bkhalili@iut.ac.ir
Y
M. M.
Majidi
2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
majidi@iut.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.36561
Long-term drought effect is one of the main factors of global climate change, with consequences for soil biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen and the function of soil ecosystem under drought conditions. We hypothesized that 1) the Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea species would differ in their rhizosphere responses to drought and 2) combined plant species and drought would have offsetting effects on the soil biological traits. We tested these hypotheses at the long-term drought field expreiment at the Lavark Farm of Isfahan University of Technology by analyzing soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and activity of β-glucosaminidase in the rhizosphere of Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea species. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen responses to drought depended on plant species, such that the highest MBC was recorded in the Bromus inermis rhizosphere, while the lowest was in the Dactylis glomerata rhizosphere, thereby suggesting the greater microbial sensitivity to drought in the Dactylis glomerata rhizosphere. Genotype variations (drought tolerate and sensitive) mostly affected the change in the β-glucosaminidase activity, but they were not significantly affected by drought treatment and plant species. In general, the positive effects of the plant genotype could offset the negative consequences of drought for soil microbial biomass and traits.
Microbial biomass carbon, Microbial biomass nitrogen, β-glucosaminidase activity, Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Drought tolerate and sensitive genotypes.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3970-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3970-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Assessment of Land Subsidence in the Najafabad Plain Using the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) Technique
105
127
FA
K.
Shirani
1. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran.
kouroshshirani@gmail.com
Y
M.
Pasandi
2. Department of Geology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
m.pasandi@sci.ui.ac.ir
N
B.
Ebrahimi
3. Water Planning Deputy, Isfahan Regional Water Company, Isfahan, Iran.
mbeb50@yahoo.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.147214
Land subsidence as a hydrogeomorphology event is currently occurring dangerously in many plains of the country due to uncontrolled groundwater extraction from water bearing layers, and accordingly monitoring and studying this phenomenon seems to be necessary. In this study, land subsidence rate of the Najafabad aquifer was determined through the Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) processing of the ASAR and PALSAR radar data and the results were validated by comparying with the differential leveling and groundwater level drowdown data. Processing of the ASAR sensor data estimates the land subsidence in the Najafabad plain at an average annual subsidence rate of 6.7 cm and a total of 41 cm during 6 years period and processing of the PALSAR data suggests an annual rate of 7.7 cm and total subsidence of 30 cm during 4 years period. Most of the occured displacements are related to the Tiranchi, Koushk, Ghahderijan, Goldasht and Falavarjan cities. The simultaneous groundwater level data with acquisition date of the radar satellite images between 2002 and 2014 shows a drawdown ranging from 0.5 to 46.5 meters in the south and east to north of the Najafabad city consistent with the estimated land subsidence areas.The DInSAR processing of the PALSAR data has led to a more accurate results with higher spatial resolution. Results of the radar data processing can be employed for the hazard zonation directly utilized for management and planning of control and preventive measures.
The Najafabad aquifer, Land subsidence, Radar interferometry, Differential leveling, ASAR, PALSAR
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4023-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4023-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Efficient Water Management under Climate Change in Urmia Plain
129
140
FA
S.
Moghim
1. Water and Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering College, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
moghim@sharif.edu
Y
J.
Rahmani
1. Water and Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering College, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
javad.rahmani@student.sharif.edu
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42681
Improper water managements and overuse of surface water and groundwater mainly for agricultural purposes in Iran have led to the drying of many rivers and groundwater. Climate change adds an extra pressure on the water resources. These changes indicate the necessity of adjustment in water management plans. This study used hydroclimatic variables including precipitation and temperature in Urmia Plain to find appropriate crops that needed the minimum irrigation water. In addition, the best time for planting each crop is determined. To find the proper crops for the region, the daily water, as required for each crop, was calculated based on climate condition, crop type, and crop growth stage. The results indicates that grape could be the best crop for the region. In addition, early planting (e.g. in spring) reduced the irrigation water needed due to more rain and soil moisture in spring than summer, which could provide crop water requirement. On the other hand, the increased temperature in spring could satisfy heat units required for the fully grown plants like barley.
Water resources management, Climate change, Agriculture, Crop pattern, Growing season, Water need
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4017-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4017-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Determining the Accuracy and Efficiency of Water-driven and Carbon-driven Crop Models to Simulate the Yield, Biomass and Water Use Efficiency of Corn
141
156
FA
A.
Sarkohaki
Islamic Azad University
sarkohaki.a@kwpa.gov.ir
N
A.
Egdernezhad
1. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
a_eigder@ymail.com
Y
S.
Minaei
2. Khuzestan Water and Power Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.
minaei21@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42462
Crop models evaluationin agriculture has been done by researchers. It helps them to determine the most appropriate crop model for the planning and simulation of crop response in different areas. Using can lead time and cost saving, helping to evaluate the effects of different situations on the crops yield, biomass and water use efficiency (WUE). Given the importance of the subject, this study was conducted for the accuracy and efficiency evaluation of AqauCrop and SWAP under three irrigation types (D: sprinkler irrigation with saline water, F: sprinkler irrigation with saline and fresh water, and S: surface irrigation) and five water qualities (S1: 2.5, S2: 3.2, S3: 3.9, S4: 4.6 and S5: 5.1 dS.m-1). NRMSE results showed that the accuracy of AquaCrop for the simulation of yield, biomass and WUE was 0.07, 0.09 and 0.07, respectively. For SWAP, these were 0.12, 0.04 and 0.13, respectively. According to EF, AquaCrop results for above-mentioned parameters were 0.60, 0.90 and -4.4, and SWAP results were 0.74, 0.73 and -2.0, respectively. So, AquaCrop accuracy and efficiency were better than those of SWAP for the simulation of corn yield and biomass.
AquaCrop, Crop Yield, Irrigation Types, Sprinkler Irrigation, SWAP.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4038-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4038-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Investigation of the Relationship between Altitude and Trend Slope in Climate Variables in Iran during 1987-2016
157
178
FA
F.
Soroush
1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
f.soroush@vru.ac.ir
Y
F.
Fathian
1. Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
f.fathian@vru.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.35913
In the present study, the spatial and temporal changes of climate variables such as pan evaporation (Ep), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), sunshine duration (SD), wind speed (W) and precipitation (P), as well as their relationship with altitude, were investigated. For this purpose, 68 meteorological stations with 30 years of data (1987-2016) throughout Iran on both seasonal and annual time scales were selected. Trend analysis of climate variables showed that over the past 30 years, most areas of Iran have become warmer and drier although all trends have not been significant. Investigation of the relationship between the trend slope of climate variables and altitude illustrated that there was no significant relationship between them during the study period on the annual time scale (p>0.1). However, in winter, the rate of increase in T (minimum, maximum and mean temperatures) and SD (p<0.1), as well as the rate of decrease in P (p<0.01), was significantly enhanced by increasing the altitude. The increase in mean and maximum T (p<0.1) and SD rates (p<0.001) in summer were significantly lower in the highlands than in the lowlands. In autumn, the trend slopes of minimum and mean T (p<0.05) were negatively correlated with altitude; in addition, the rates of increase in P and RH (p<0.05) in the highlands demonstrated a sharper increase. It seems, therefore, that most changes in climate variables have occurred in both autumn and winter. The results also showed that in winter, the highest rates of increase in Ts were related to the altitude of 1500-2000 m; however, the highest decrease in P belonged to the altitude of 2000-2500 m. In autumn, the highest rates of decrease in minimum and mean Ts had occurred in the altitude of 2000-2500 m; as well, he highest rate of increase in P was observed in the altitudes of both 0-500 m and 2000-2500 m.
Climate variables, altitude, trend slope, Iran.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3976-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3976-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. under Field Conditions
179
189
FA
O.
Asadi Asadabad
1. Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
Asadio@yahoo.com
N
S. H.
Matinkhah
1. Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
matinkhah@cc.iut.ir
N
Z.
Jafari
1. Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
zahra.jafari1@na.iut.ac.ir
Y
H.
Karim Mojeni
2. Department of Production and Plant Genetics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.41551
In order to investigate the effect of the type drip of irrigation methods, subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation on the domestication of Hedysarum criniferum Boiss., an experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented at Isfahan University of Technology for two years (2016 to 2018) . For this purpose, clay pipes were made and the plant was cultivated on the sides of clay pipes and types. Also, furrow irrigation treatment was applied as the control. During the experiment, all treatments received the same water and finally, some growth parameters were measured. The results of the study showed improvement in height (0.43 and 0.34), canopy cover (0.66 and 0.52), stem number (0.44 and 0.85), chlorophyll index (0.45 and 0.45), seed emergence (0.75 and 0.30), plant survival (0.78 and 0.55), yield (0.23 and 0.35), and water use efficiency (0.25 and 0.25) under type drip irrigation treatment, as compared to subsurface and furrow irrigation, respectively (P<0.05). In general, the type drip treatment is recommended in the early years of planting; however, since the maximum production potential of this plant is in the third year onwards, it is necessary to examine the results in the following years to recommend the proper irrigation method, especially the use of subsurface irrigation.
Subsurface clay pipes, Tape irrigation, Furrow irrigation, Plant survival, Plant growth indicators.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3906-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3906-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Evaluation of the Financial Efficiency of Farmers Based on the Economic Value of Water Resources in Arak Plain, Iran
191
203
FA
H.
Fazlolahi
1. Department of Water Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
HajarFazlolahi@yahoo.com Email
N
R.
Fatahi
1. Department of Water Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Fatahi2@Gmail.com
N
K.
Ebrahimi
2. Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
EbrahimiK@ut.ac.ir
Y
10.47176/jwss.25.1.8683
Water is the most crucial factor for agricultural development. Therefore, the economic evaluation of water resources is critical. The purpose of this paper was to determine the economic value of water resources, to evaluate the financial efficiency and to decide on the price of agricultural water in Arak plain. For this purpose, the economic value of water resources for wheat, barley, alfalfa and corn was identified in 2015- 2016, using the mathematical model developed in this research. The results showed that the financial efficiency was calculated for three alternatives: free-cost water, water cost equal to the 10% of the calculated price and water cost equal to the exact calculated price. The irrigation efficiency of 40% financial efficiency was 2.38%, 1.68% and 0.47% , respectively, for the aformentioned methods, and the irrigation efficiency of 70% financial efficiency was 2.07, 1.92 and 0.71, respectively. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the financial efficiency was performed, with 10% change in the farmers income and costs. The results also revealed that irrigation efficiency and financial efficiency were not aligned when farmers had free water; however, they were aligned when the farmer paid 10% of the calculated price. Financial efficiency was more sensitive to changes in the farmers income when compared to the changes in costs.
Agricultural Product, Economic Evaluation, Mathematical Model, Water Price
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3969-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3969-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Use of Modified Nano Particles of Beech Leaves for Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions in the Column System
205
217
FA
T.
Dehgan
1. Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
dehghant@yahoo.com
N
M. A.
Gholami Sefidkouhi
1. Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
magholamis@yahoo.com
Y
M.
Khoshravesh
1. Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
khoshravesh_m24@yahoo.com
N
N.
Samadani Langroudi
2. Chemistry Department, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
nsamadani@yahoo.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.12491
In this research, the nitrate removal by beech leaves was investigated in batch and column systems. The batch experiment was performed to address the effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial nitrate ion concentration on the nitrate removal. The results showed that with an increase in pH, the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were decreased and nitrate removal by millimeter and nano adsorbent beech leaves reached equilibrium 120 and 90 minutes after experiment, respectively. With an increase in the nitrate concentration, the removal efficiency was decreased from 59.2% to 39.7% and 82.1% to 69.9% for millimeter and the nanoparticles of Beech leaves, respectively. In fixed-bed column adsorption experiments, the flow rates of 5, 8 and 11 ml/min and the nitrate concentration of 15, 50 and 120 mg/L were studied. The results showed with an increase in the nitrate concentration from 15 to 120 mg/L, the saturation time was decreased from 240 to 150 and 360 to 270 minutes for millimeter and nanoparticles of Beech leaves, respectively. Thomas, Dose-response and Yoon-Nelson models were fitted to the results of the continuous experiments. The Thomas model fitted the experimental data with high accuracy. Compared to the adsorbents, nano-adsorbent had more adsorption capacity in the batch and column systems.
Batch experiment, Beech Leaf, Fixed-Bed Column, Nano adsorbent.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3956-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3956-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effect of Various Rates of Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Changing Runoff and Soil Loss
219
230
FA
N.
Hasanzadeh
1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
nhassanzadeh761@yahoo.com
N
L.
Gholami
1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
gholami.leily@yahoo.com
Y
A.
Khaledi Darvishan
2. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
a.khaledi@modares.ac.ir
N
H.
Yonesi
3. Department of Environment Science, College of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
hunesi@modares.ac.ir
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.38982
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental issues in the world, causing soil degradation, reduction of land productivity, increasing flood, water pollution and pollutions transportation; it is also a serious threat to sustainable development in the world. Therefore, the soil conservation and the prevention of soil erosion and use of conditioners as the nanoclay can be considered as a solution to improve land productivity and protect environment. The present study was, therefore, conducted to address the effect of the application of montmorillonite nanoclay with three rates of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 t ha-1 on changing runoff and soil loss variables under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the nanoclay with the rate of 0.03 t ha-1 could decrease the runoff coefficient, soil loss and sediment concentration with the rate of 40.65, 88.38 and 82.19 percent, respectively. The average of soil loss in control treatment and conservation treatments of nanoclay with various rates was measured to be 3.76, 0.44, 1.33 and 3.16 g, respectively. Also, the results showed that the most sediment concentration was the control treatment with the rate of 5.84 g l-1 and the conservation treatments with nanoclay in the applied rates was 1.04, 3.47 and 2.96 g l-1, respectively. Also, the results showed that the nanoclay effect was significant on changing the soil loss and sediment concentration at the level of 99 percent. Finally, due to the effect, the use of this conditioner in natural conditions and investigation of the effects on environment and aggregates stability are recommended.
Emerging Conditioners of Soil, Soil and Water Conservation, Sediment Concentration, Soil Erosion
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3939-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Investigation of the Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Harvesting Time on the Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
231
241
FA
S.
Jamali
1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
saber.jamali@mail.um.ac.ir
N
H.
Ansari
1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
ansary@um.ac.ir
Y
M.
Zeynodin
2. Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
pzeynodin73@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.35826
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of treated urban wastewater and different harvesting times on the yield and yield components of Sorghum (cv. Speed feed) in the greenhouse condition. The research was done based on a completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad in 2016. In this study, the effects of four mixtures consisting of the moderations use of the treated urban wastewater and freshwater (0, 25, 75 and 100 percent mixture of treated urban wastewater and freshwater) and three harvesting times level (pre-flowering, after 50 percent of the plant to flowering, and grain filling stage) on the yield and yield components of Sorghum were evaluated. The results inducted that the effect of different moderations of irrigation regimes on all of them parameter was highly significant (P<0.01), but plant height was non-significant; it was also revealed that the effect of harvesting times on all of the parameters was highly significant (P<0.01), but leaf width was non-significant. The results also exhibited that the interaction effects of irrigated regimes and harvesting times on the leaf number, panicle length and width, leaf, panicle, and stem was highly significant (P<0.01), but plant height, stem diameter, branches number, and leaf length and width were significant at the 5 percent level (P<0.05). Also, the use of 25, 75, and 100 percent mixture of wastewater resulted in the forage yield of 37.5, -29.3, and 12.9 percent (pre-flowering); -31, -15.3, and -47.4 percent (after 50 percent of the plant to flowering), and -11.8, -35.7 and -28.4 percent (grain filling stage), respectively. The highest forage weights (46.2 g per plant) showed, in the study, irrigated by a mixture of 75 treated wastewater and 25 freshwater, and harvesting the plant after 50 percent in flowering stage; on the other hand, the best treatment in this study irrigation by the mixture of 75 treated wastewater and 25 freshwater and harvesting the plant after 50 percent in the flowering stage, Thus, using the treatment in farm experiment required the field research.
Greenhouse conditions, Mixture of wastewater and freshwater, Speed feed cultivar, Sorghum, Urban wastewater.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3912-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3912-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effect of Longitudinal and Side Slope of Flood Plain on Sediment Erosion in Compound Channel
243
259
FA
A.
Arab
1. Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
atefeh.arab71@gmail.com
N
K.
Esmaili
1. Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
Esmaili@um.ac.ir
Y
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42861
The study of floods has always been important for researchers due to the great loss of life and property. Investigation of flood bed can provide appropriate solutions to reduce this phenomenon to managers and researchers. In this research, the compound channel (with flood plain on one side of the main channel) Been paid, Therefore, two experimental models of compound channel in laboratory flume were examined by considering dimensional analysis. With the goal Investigation of lateral slope of flood wall in laboratory model In the first model, transverse slope 0 And in the second model, a value equal to 50% Was considered. Also in order to investigate the effect of longitudinal slope of river bed sediments Longitudinal slope in three steps 0.00 2, 0.004 and 0.006 Was changed. Examining the ADV speedometer data, the results showed that with increasing the longitudinal and transverse slope (slope of the flood wall) of the channel, the maximum longitudinal velocity changes to the floor of the channel. In order to investigate the effect of average sediment diameter on the scouring process during experiments Mm was used. The results showed that increasing the longitudinal and transverse slope had a great effect on increasing the volume of washed sediments 3 and 0.9 of sandy sediments with a diameter Along the canal and with the increase of these longitudinal and transverse slopes in the channel, more sediment transport volume occurs. In the following, using Investigation of dimensionless numbers obtained from dimensional analysis, dimensionless weight landing number was introduced to evaluate this value value of other hydraulic parameters and Was introduced. A relationship based on nonlinear regression with correlation coefficient Acceptable was introduced at around 0.88.
compound channel, flood plain, longitudinal slope, sediment, side slope, Non-liner regression, Analytical solution.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4039-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4039-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Effect of the Correlation between Hydraulic Parameters on the Reliability Analysis of a Riprap Designed around Bridge Pier
261
277
FA
M.
Karimaei Tabarestani
1. Geotechnical and Water Engineering Group, Civil Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Lavizan, Tehran, Iran.
karimaei@sru.ac.ir
Y
10.47176/jwss.25.1.42901
One of the most common and practical methods in controlling the local scour around bridge pier is to place a protective riprap layer. Due to various uncertainties in the design of this countermeasure method, in the present study, the reliability analysis method was applied for the design of a riprap size around a real bridge pier as a case study. Therefore, four different methods including First Order Second Moment, First Order Reliability Method, Spread Sheet and Monte Carlo Simulation Technique were used to quantify the uncertainties and design of riprap size. The results showed that the probability of riprap size failure, which was calculated by the empirical equation and the use of the mean value of effective parameters in the case study, was very high, nearly 34%. In the following, the relationship between safety factor and the reliability index at the site of this case study was determined. Finally, in order to achieve more realistic results, the hydraulic correlation coefficient between depth and flow velocity parameters and its effect on the probability of the riprap failure were studied. It was shown that the correlation coefficient between these two hydraulic parameters was very high and more than 90%, and its maximum effect on the probability of the riprap failure was less than 10%.
Scour, Bridge pier, Riprap, First Order Reliability Method, Correlation coefficient
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4043-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-4043-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Determination of Erosion-Prone Areas using GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models: A Case Study: Bagheran Birjand Region
279
293
FA
J.
Chezgi
1. Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Natural Resource and Environment Faculty, University of Birjand.
chezgi@birjand.ac.ir
Y
M.
Asiyaei
2. Watershed Management, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, South Khorasan Province.
asiyaei.m@gmail.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.34902
Erosion causes the reduction and degradation and the soil fertility; one of its most important consequences, endangering the food security of the inhabitants of the area. Therefore, to reduce erosion, it needs to be controlled and managed using good soil conservation methods. It is only necessary to manage and control the full impact of the factors affecting the soil first. If there is a critical state of erosion in the four watersheds, identifying the precise location of erosion will be done quickly and with less cost; thus, further erosion control and counter-operation will be feasible. In this study, geographic information system and decision making models of AHP and ANP in Bagheran region of Birjand were used to determine the erosion prone areas. First, 10 effective criteria including rain, slope, slope direction, soil, geology, permeability, vegetation, land use, distance from road and village, were determined on the erosion in the area based on the expert opinion and library studies. Next, the questionnaires were sent to experts to explore g the impact of the criteria on erosion; after completing the questionnaires based on Expert Choice and Supper Decision software, the relative importance of the criteria was obtained. The maps were then compiled and integrated according to the relative importance of the criteria. Rainfall factor had the greatest impact on the erodibility of the area in the AHP method with the relative importance of 0.21 and the vegetation criterion with the weight of 0.158 in the ANP method had the most impact on the determination of erosion prone areas. Finally, the erodibility map of the area was obtained based on the presented models. Subsequently, the region was classified into five classes of erosion susceptibility, with areas of moderate sensitivity having the most area in both models. In the lower and upper classes, the ANP method performed better; in the middle classes the AHP method performed better.
Erosion, AHP, ANP, GIS and Bagheran area of Birjand
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3972-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3972-en.pdf
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
25
1
2021
5
1
Investigation of the Amount and Possible Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Dust Deposited on the Leaves of Trees in Ahvaz
295
308
FA
B.
Khalilimoghadam
1-Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran.
moghaddam623@yahoo.ie
Y
A.
Siadat
2- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran.
seyedatasiadat@yahoo.com
N
A.
Yusefi
3- Department of Soil Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
ashkanyusefi2013@yahoo.com
N
10.47176/jwss.25.1.14575
Dust deposited on the leaves of trees can be effectively used as the monitors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The dust deposited on the leaves can be used as an appropriate index for evaluating PAHs in the atmosphere. This research was conducted to determine the origin and health risk assessment of PAHs accumulated on the leaves of trees in the city of Ahvaz. For this purpose, samples were taken at leaves on 10 points with different land uses including industrial, recreational, high-traffic and residential ones. After preparation, to determine the type and concentration of PAHs, the compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that 15 types of PAHs had been identified from 16 important compounds identified by EPA in the dust samples. The concentration of compounds was the range of 3.3-110 microgram per kilogram. The maximum and minimum of PAHs carcinogenic in particles trapped on leaves were in the Kut-Abdolah with 530 ppb and Shahrvand Park Station with 5.13 ppb, respectively. Also, the average relative of LMW/HMW in the aromatics contained in the deposition of particles on trees was 0.5; further the analysis of the main components of aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that there was no specific source for these compounds in Ahvaz, and these compounds could be from fossil fuels, urban traffic, natural gas, generally showing a pyrogenic origin.
Dust, PAHs, Urban tree, Health risk assesment, Ahvaz
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3921-en.html
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3921-en.pdf