@article{ author = {Yazdani, Mohammad Reza and Mousavi, Sayed-Farh}, title = {Evaluation of Sediment Flushing of Sepidrud Dam on Irrigation Network of Sepidrud}, abstract ={Water requirements of paddy fields in the Gilan Province are provided for by a large irrigation network including Sepidrud reservoir dam, Tarik diversion dam, Fumanat network, Sangar diversion dam, and Sangar right and left canals. Because of the deposition of sediments in the Sepidrud reservoir, its capacity has been reduced profoundly. To overcome this problem, sediments are flushed in the second half of each year. The sediments coming from erodible surfaces of the Sepidrud watershed area out flowing from the dam in the spring, and the deposited sediments in the Sepidrud river in the second half of each year are a great hazard for the irrigation network. The objective of this research is to study the effect of the sediments on Sepidrud network. In this research, sediment data from the hydrometric station near Sepidrud dam were analyzed. Sediment samples were collected by a hand sampler (type DH-48) from Tarik and Sangar diversion dams, upper and lower ends of Sangar desilting basin, BP4 and SP3 canals, and field ditches and drains. Water discharge was measured by a current meter. Deposited materials in irrigation structures were sampled for grading. The results from this study indicate that the Sepidrud river and Tarik diversion dam deposit sediments at low discharges, but at high river discharges these sediments were found to he erodible. Average efficiencies of left and right desilting basins of Sangar diversion dam were 15.3% and 11.2%, respectively. The area located in Fumanat section, which receives water from Tarik diversion dam, requires desilting structures. The irrigation structures of the network are in danger of sediments. The main and the secondary canals, compared with 3rd and 4th order canals, have less settled sediments in them.}, Keywords = { Sepidrud dam, Sediment flushing, Irrigation network, Desilting basins}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Sayed-Farhad and Mohammad-Zadeh, Ahmad and Jalalian, Ahmad and Samadi-Boroujeni, Hossei}, title = {Evaluation of Sediment Trap Efficiency in Small Dam Reservoirs}, abstract ={One of the most vital problems in the storage and utilization of surface waters for drinking, flood control, hydropower, and agricultural purposes is that of sedimentation in reservoirs and subsequent decline of dam lifetime. The useful lifetime of a dam is defined as the time necessary for approximately 80% of the volume of its initial capacity to be filled by sediments washed in by water. It is a function of the volume of the incoming sediments, specific weight of sediments, and reservoir trap efficiency. Trap efficiency depends on sediment characteristics, life, shape, and rule curves of the reservoir as well as on the capacity-inflow ratio. It is the purpose of the present study to calculate sediment trap efficiency of small dams and also to determine the relationship(s) among the effective parameters in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary region. For our purposes, 14 small earth dams (with heights of less than 15 m and capacities of about 1 MCM) were selected around Shahrekord and Borougen. Since no data were available on the erosion and sedimentation for these dams, the MPSIAC empirical model was used to estimate the incoming sediment to the dams' reservoirs. The model considers nine factors effective on erosion and sediment production in each watershed. These factors were analyzed for the watershed of each dam under study and the annual sediment yield was calculated. The amount of sediments retained in the reservoirs as a result of the working life of the dams was estimated by reservoir surveying. The trap efficiency was calculated for all the reservoirs under study. The results obtained revealed that the trap efficiencies for these small dams ranged from 10.4 to 68.9%. New curves were developed and suggested for the trap efficiency of small dams based on these results.}, Keywords = { Sedimentation in reservoirs, Trap efficiency, MPSIAC model, Erosion, Sediment time}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {13-29}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {JaliliMarandi, Rasool}, title = {The Effects of Different Culture Media on the Rooting of Single-bud Cuttings of Grape Cultivars}, abstract ={In this study, an experiment was carried out to determine the effects of 6 culture media (sand, perlite, vermiculite, Sand + Perlite, Sand + Vermiculite, Vermiculite + Perlite) on the rooting of single-bud cuttings of seven grape cultivars (Rishbaba, Hosseiny, Dashgarah, Ghiziluzum, Teberzeh, Bidaneh Sefid, Sahebi). All the cuttings were prepared from one-year old branches. Statistical analyses of the data obtained from the examination of the roots revealed significant discrepancies in the rooting of different cultivars' cuttings, media and media-cultivar interactions in terms of rooting percentage, fresh weight of roots and the ratio of dry to fresh weight of roots. The highest rooting performance in terms of the above parameters was observed in Hosseiny cultivar while the lowest obtained in Teberzeh cultivar. Vermiculite and perlite + Vermiculite were found to be the most suitable media for rooting of cuttings. According to the media-cultivar interactions, high rooting of Hosseiny, Dashgarah, and Ghiziluzum was observed in vermiculite and high rooting of Rishbaba, Teberzeh, Bidaneh Sefid and Sahebi was obtained in perlite + vermiculite.}, Keywords = { Grape, Single-bud cutting, Rooting, Culture media}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Kalbassi, Mahmoud and Gandomkar, Akbar}, title = {Effect of Garbage Leachate on Yield and Chemical Composition of Corn and the Effect of Leachate Residual on Soil Characteristics}, abstract ={The moisture content of urban solid wastes in Iran is very high. A large volume of leachate is, therefore, produced in the process of converting these wastes into compost. The leachate contains relatively large amounts of organic matter, plant nutrients, soluble salts as well as small amounts of some heavy metals. The effects of urban solid waste leachate on growth and yield of corn and heavy metals and nutrients concentrations in plant as well as the effects of leachate residual on soil were studied in a field trial conducted in two sites (Zeinal and Lavark) in central Iran (Isfahan). The treatments included applications of 0, 400, and 800 metric tons of leachate/ha as the main plots and two leaching treatments (0 and 15 cm leaching) as the sub-plots in a split plot design. Application of the leachate decreased crust formation and greatly improved germination and growth of corn in both sites. Biological yield of corn increased from 2.4 to 4.1 and 5.3 tons/ha in Zeinal field and from 8.1 to 13.4 and 15.0 tons/ha in Lavark field for 400 and 800 tons/ha of leachate applications (as compared to the control field), respectively. Leaching increased corn yield only in Zeinal field. Uptakes of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by corn increased as a result of leachate application. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cl in plant tissues also increased but no toxic symptoms were observed in plants. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni in aerial tissues of corn did not increase as a result of leachate application. The residual effects of leachate application on soil were a decrease in pH and corresponding increases in organic matter content, in electrical conductivity and in available amounts of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. It is concluded that garbage leachate has the potential to be used as an organic liquid fertilizer and soil amendment to improve soil productivity.}, Keywords = { Garbage leachate, Organic liquid fertilizer, Residue, Corn}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-52}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Pour-Reza, Javad and Mehrshad, Mehdi}, title = {Replacement of Corn with Millet and the Effect of Animal Fat (Tallow) in Laying Hens\' Diet}, abstract ={Two experiments were designed and conducted to evaluate the effect of tallow and the nutritional value of millet and the effect of substituting millet for corn on the performance of laying hens. In the first experiment, the nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of tallow and millet was determined. Also the digestibility of dry matter (DM), protein, fat and crude fiber of millet was determined using the Sibbald's method. In the second experiment, with a completely randomized design and in a factorial arrangement, the effect of different levels of substitution of corn (0.0, 25, 50 and 75%), introduction of tallow at various amounts of 0, 3 and 6 percent, and also the effect of processing millet (ground and unground) on the diet of HY-Line layers from 26 to 38 weeks of age were studied. The criteria used were egg production rate, egg weight, egg output, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The results from the first experiment showed that screening millet increased its true metabolizable energy. Furthermore, crude fiber digestibility increased as a result of introducing fat into the diet (p<0.05). The results from the second experiment revealed that grinding millet had no significant effect on the performance of laying hens, but feed conversion ratio tended to improve in diets containing ground millet. Substitution of any amount of millet for corn significantly improved egg weight, egg output, and feed intake (P<0.05). Introduction of tallow by 6% significantly increased feed intake (P<0.05) too.}, Keywords = { Millet, Tallow, Laying hen, Metabolizable energy, Egg production rate}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {53-65}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Ebadi, Mohammad Reza and PourReza, Javad and Khorvash, Mohammad and NazerAdl, Kambiz and Almodares, Abbas}, title = {Nutrient Composition and Metabolizable Energy Values of 36 Sorghum Grain Varieties and Two Types of Corn}, abstract ={Sorghum grain is an important cereal to be cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The extension of its cultivation and application in animal and poultry diets may reduce the need for imported corn. In order to determine the nutritive value of sorghum, 36 sorghum grain (SG) varieties and one type of corn were grown at the same location. The grains were analyzed for their nutrient composition. Results from of proximate analyses showed that the ash, crude protein (CP), phosphorous (P) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of SG were 1.72±0.54, 11.6±1.18, 0.34±0.03 and 8.35±3.93, respectively. The ether extract (EE) of SG was lower than Iranian and imported corns. Iranian corn had higher amounts of CP (10.7%), EE (5.9%) and CF (3.3%) than the imported one (7.8, 4.2 and 2.25). Tannin contents of low and high SG varieties were 0.021% and 0.998%, respectively. The apparent and true metabolizable energies (AME and TME) of SG were decreased due to increasing the tannin contents. The values of TMEn (3853, 3771 and 3213 Kcal/kg) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among low, medium and high tannin sorghum (LTS, MTS and HTS) varieties. However, in comparison with the SG, the corn had higher amounts of TME (3853, 3771 and 3213 VS. 3947 Kcal/kg). LTS had the highest AME (3453 Kcal/kg) among all the grains, while there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between MTS (3458 Kcal/kg) and the two corn grains (3406 Kcal/kg).}, Keywords = { Sorghum grain, Nutrient composition, Tannin, Metabolizable energy, Poultry}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-76}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-50-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Sharifnabi, Bahram and Nekoei, Asghar}, title = {Study on Sainfoin Seed Mycoflora in Iran}, abstract ={In order to study fungi associated with seeds of sainfoin, several seed samples of sainfoin were collected from Isfahan, Ardabil, Zanjan and eastern Azerbaijan provinces, Iran. Seed lots, only half of which were surface sterilized, were allowed to grow on PDA, SMA, MA, sterilized wet paper and drenched sands. The dishes containing seeds were incubated at 25°C with alternate cycles of 12-hour fluorescent light. After seven days, fungi growing from the seeds were transferred to the selective media and subjected to morphological studies. Single spore or hyphal tips from these transfers were the basis for all identification procedures. The most prevalent fungi associated with sainfoin seed were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus, although Ulocladium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Mucor, Nigrospora, Stemphylium, Trichothecium and Botrytis were also isolated in low incidence from these seed lots. The isolates of Uromyces and Oidiopsis were also obtained when the seed samples were examined by washing method.}, Keywords = { Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia), Seed mycoflora}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-83}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} } @article{ author = {Loghavi, Mohammad and Ashrafizadeh, S. Rez}, title = {Draft, Specific Draft and Drawbar Power Requirement of Chisel Plow at Different Levels of Soil Moisture Content and Plowing Depth}, abstract ={The effects of three levels of soil moisture content (8-10, 10-12 and 12-14% d.b.) and three levels of plowing depth (15, 20 and 25 cm) on draft, specific draft and drawbar power requirement of a 7-shank chisel plow in a clay loam soil were investigated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 3×4 factorial. The effect of plowing depth on all of the parameters mentioned was highly significant. Implement draft and drawbar power requirement both increased with plowing depth, whereas a decreasing trend of specific draft with depth was observed. Soil moisture content had no significant effect on draft and specific draft of chisel plow in the range of moisture contents studied, though both parameters were minimized at 10-12% m.c. At this moisture level, the drawbar power requirement showed a significant reduction comparing with the other two moisture levels. This indicated that the soil was close to its optimum friability at this moisture content. Soil penetrometer readings, taken before and after plowing, indicated the existence of a hardpan from about 8 to 20 cm below the surface which was broken by chisel tines, but another hard layer formed under the plowing depth by the chisel points. Comparison of the results from the present study with those from the previously published works on chisel plow draft at similar plowing depths showed that the values obtained for draft and specific draft were acceptably close to those previous investigators. Also, a comparison with the findings of Loghavi and Moradi on moldboard plow draft under similar conditions confirmed the reports of previous investigators to the effect that a chisel plow requires approximately one-half of the draft of a moldboard plow with the same working width and depth.}, Keywords = { Draft, Specific draft, Drawbar power, Chisel plow}, volume = {1}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-96}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {1997} }