@article{ author = {M.AbdolahiEzzatabadi, and B.Najafi,}, title = {Estimating Hedging Ratios in Agricultural Futures and Options Markets and Studying the Factors Influencing Them: A Case Study of Pistachio in Iran}, abstract ={In this study, at first, different models for measuring hedge ratios in futures and options markets were introduced. Then, the models were applied to a sample of 300 Iranian pistachio producers. The results showed that hedge ratios in pistachio futures and options markets, on average, were in a range of 0.22 to 0.99. When pistachio yield is unpredictable, options market is preferred to futures market. But in certain conditions, futures market is preferable. The results also showed that debt to asset ratio had a positive effect on hedge ratio, but bank loan effect was negative.}, Keywords = { Futures market, Options market, Hedge ratio, Pistachio. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-359-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {A.A.Barati,}, title = {A Survey of Income Distribution among Rural Families in Ghoochan}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to survey income distribution among the agricultural and non-agricultural rural families in Ghoochan town, Khorasan province. Data was collected by filling out questionnaires, and having interviews with 265 rural families, selected by stratified random sampling. And the obtained data was analysed through Gini ratios, comparison of the quintiles, Lourenz curve and income ratios. The results showed that the income distribution among the non-agricultural families was higher than that among agricultural families. The Gini ratio for agricultural families was 0.57 and for non-agricultural families was 0.45. The lowest Gini ratio was among the families employed for both agricultural and non-agricultural activities (GR=0.38). Therefore, it seems that income inequalities can be improved by making rural families in Ghoochan work in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.}, Keywords = { Income distribution, Gini ratio, Lourenz curve, Ghoochan. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-27}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-540-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.TalebiBedaf, and B.E.Sayed-Tabatabaei, and K.Razmjoo, and B.Shiran,}, title = {Inter- and Intra-Species Genetic Diversity in Perennial Grasses Using AFLP Marker}, abstract ={Identification of grass species seems difficult due to the morphological similarities. However, selecting desirable parental genotypes of the crosses based on the genetic distances is considered as the most critical step in a breeding program. The aim of this study was to characterize grass species using AFLP techniques. Five species with five cultivars from each were selected and studied using AFLP reactions performed by PstI and MseI restriction enzymes. The obtained data was analyzed using NT SYS-pc Ver. 2.02 software and Jaccard’s method. Ten primer combinations amplified 1170 bands, all of which were polymorphic between cultivars and species. The maximum band (168) and the minimum number of band (81) were produced by P-AAG & M-CAG and P-ACT & M-CGC, respectively. The results also distinguished 5 species in 40% of genetic distances. Some of the markers were special to some special species that can be used in the identification of that species. Additionally, the results showed that AFLP techniques robust and efficient tools for the identification of genetic relationships of different genotypes within species. High levels of bands and polymorphism make AFLP one of the most powerful markers in the determination and classification of species and different cultivars of grass.}, Keywords = { Perennial grass, AFLP marker, Genetic diversity, Genetic distance. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-39}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Borji,}, title = {The Evaluation of Lignocelluloses Biodegradation Ability of Some Bacteria Isolated From Various Soils and Decomposing Materials}, abstract ={Recently, the use of microorganisms for conversion of plant biomass into many commercially valuable products has been studied. In this study, some soil samples, composting plant materials, and composted manure from different parts of Markazy province were collected to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria, which have been capable of utilizing lignin preparations as a sole source of carbon. Bacteria were isolated by using three types of lignin preparations and hot- water- extracted wheat stover and saw dusts. Two of the isolates, identified as Streptomyces sp. and Pseudomonades sp. were able to degrade wheat stover and saw dust lignin and polysaccharides. The growth rate of Streptomyces sp. and Pseudomonades sp. was higher in wheat stover fed cultures than the saw dust fed cultures. Results also showed that bacteria treatment of lignocelluloses and nitrogen supplementation of culture media had considerable effects on chemical composition of wheat stover and saw dust. All two bacteria genera increased crude protein, APPL, soluble lignin, and decreased carbohydrates and insoluble lignin of wheat stover and saw dust (P<0.01). Streptomyces showed more degradation ability than Pseudomonades, especially in culture media containing wheat stover. The utilization of yeast extract (as nitrogen source) improved degradation abilities of bacteria. The findings of this study indicate that these bacteria could be used for biological upgrading of agriculture residues in order to feed animals.}, Keywords = { Lignocelluloses, Biodegradation, Streptomyces, Pseudomonades, Wheat stover, Saw dust. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-55}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {V.Khaksari, and S.A.A.Moosavi, and S.A.M.Cheraghi, and A.A.KamgarHaghighi, and Sh.ZandParsa,}, title = {Evaluation of SWAP and LEACHC Models in Field Leaching of Soil Solutes in Chah-Afzal Region, Yazd Province}, abstract ={Since performing field experiments for determining the optimum amount of water for soil desalinization is costly and time consuming, use of computer models in leaching studies has received more attention. However, the accuracy of the results of these models should be evaluated by comparison with the results of the field experiments. In this study SWAP and LEACHC models were used for the simulation of soil moisture profile and salinity, and the results were compared with those of a field leaching experiment. The SWAP model gave better results in simulating soil moisture movement and profile, compared to LEACHC model, but statistical indexes showed that both models produced satisfactory results in predicting soil moisture profile. LEACHC model gave better results in comparison to SWAP model for the prediction of soil salinity profile at different time, possibly because it takes into account different solute transport mechanisms such as advection, diffusion, dispersion and also chemical interactions such as adsorption, precipitation and dissolution. In spite of the differences between predicted and measured values of salinity in the initial stages of leaching process, both models were able to predict the trend of leaching process with an acceptable accuracy.}, Keywords = { Leaching, Chah-Afzal, SWAP, LEACHC. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-69}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.BagheriMofidi, and M.Bahar, and H.Shariatmadari, and M.R.Khajehpour,}, title = {Comparison of Superiority of Indigenous Lentil Rhizobia under Drought Stress}, abstract ={To investigate drought tolerant isolates of rhizobial symbioant of lentil (Lens culinaris L.), 12 soil samples were collected from cultivated and non-cultivated area of Golestan, Chaharmahal-O-Bakhtiari and Isfahan provinces. Local cultivars of lentil including Binam Dorosht, Ghazvini and Faridani were planted in each soil sample. After 10 weeks, a total of 324 rhizobial isolates were recovered from root nodules of the lentil plants. Evaluation of the ability of the isolates to grow at different concentration of salt showed that all isolates grew normally on 200 mM NaCl and only 20% was determined as salt tolerant isolats(>400mM). Among the isolates RL249 was classified as superior salt tolerant strain due to growing on 600 mM salt. The drought tolerance of the isolates was also examined, using PEG6000. In general, the salt tolerant isolates were also drought tolerant, however their tolerance to salinity and drought is not related to their geographical origin. In a randomized split factorial design with three replications, the effectiveness of tolerant isolates(RL249 and RL211) and a sensitive strain (RL 77) was compared on two cultivars of lentil (Binam Dorosht and Faridani) under water stress treatments with the consumptions of 50, 75,90 and 98% of soil available water. Although nodulation rate was reduced in both cultivars as the consequence of drought stresses, plants of Binam Dorosht cultivar showed high nodulation rate due to the increased fresh weight of the roots. Despite the fact that RL249 was identified as a superior nodulating and salt/drought isolate, however nodulation efficiency was decreased significantly under water stress treatments with more than 50 % of soil available water.}, Keywords = { Lentil, Rhizobium , Symbiosis, Salt tolerant, Drought tolerant }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-83}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Sh.Ayobi, and M.H.Alizadeh,}, title = {Soil Surface Attributes Prediction Using Digital Topographic Model in Mehr Catchment, Sabzevar, Khorasan Province}, abstract ={Conventional soil survey methods for soils within the watersheds in Iran require a significant budget with many soil surveyors and much time. Additionally, no accurate and reliable information exists on the spatial variability of superface soil parameters in order to predict the soil loss by different models (RUSLE, PISAC, EUPOSEM, MORGAN). Also information on planning and management activities is lacking. These limitations call for methods of estimating soil properties using minimum sampling derived from important terrain parameters. This study was performed to develop soil-landscape models in three geological units (E2Sc, Ku, Plc), in a part of Mehr- watershed, Sabzevar. Six soil variables selected for this study were topsoil clay, gravel, sand, organic matter content, field capacity and bulk density measured at 316 sites on a regular 100m grid. Topographic attributes were calculated by a digital elevation model with 100m spacing. Finally, multiple linear regression analyses relating soil to topographic attributes were performed and then models were validated by additional sample points (78 of 316). The developed regression models showed significant relationships between surface soil properties and topographic attributes such as elevation, slope, aspect, wetness index, stream power index and sediment transport index. The mean errors and root mean square errors in the validation of the models were low and acceptable. The regression equations could explain only 26 to 72 % of the variability measured in the soil attributes in the watershed scale with 100m spacing.}, Keywords = { Topographic attributes, Surface soil properties, Soil- landscape model. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-97}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {A.AbouzariGazafrodi, and R.Honarnegad, and M.H.Fotokian, and A.Alami,}, title = {Study of Correlations among Agronomic Traits and Path Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)}, abstract ={In order to investigate path analysis and study correlations among 16 agronomic traits, 49 Iranian and foreign rice entries were evaluated in a simple lattice square as experimental design with 2 replications at research farm of Tonekabon agricultural college in 2001. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes for all the studied traits (p<0.05). Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analysis showed positive and significant correlation between grain yield and the number of productive tiller, total tillers and number of grain per panicle. Based on path analysis of the traits, the number of productive tillers had the highest direct effect on the grain yield. Furthermore, the number of grain per panicle and 100-grain weight had a high direct effect on the yield. Overall, the results are suggestive of the direct selection for grain yield in these genotypes through above - mentioned traits.}, Keywords = { Rice (Oryza sativa L.) , Yield components, Correlation, Path analysis. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {99-107}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {GH.Mohammadi, and K.GhasemiGolezani, and A.Javanshir, and M.Moghaddam,}, title = {The Influence of Water Limitation on the Yield of Three Chickpea Cultivars}, abstract ={In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on some agronomic and physiological characters of three chickpea cultivars (Jam, 301 and Pirooz), a field experiment was conducted in 1998 at the Agricultural Research Farm of Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used, in which irrigation treatments (full irrigation, irrigation at only branching or flowering and or pod formation stage) were in the main plots and chickpea cultivars were in the sub plots. Under limited irrigation conditions there were no significant differences among irrigation regimes for green cover percentage and the number of pods per plant while rate and duration of grain filling, grain weight and grain yield were significantly higher for irrigation at pod formation than for irrigation at branching or flowering stage. The mean of all the traits, except for the number of seeds per pod were significantly higher for full irrigation than for limited irrigation treatments. Rate of grain filling, maximum grain weight and grain yield were significantly higher for irrigation at flowering than for irrigation at branching stage. While, other characters were not significantly different between these two treatments. Although, green cover percentage and seeds per pod in 301 were higher than those in Jam, but in other cases their response to water limitation was almost similar. All traits, except the number pods per plant, were noticeably lower for Pirooz compared to Jam and 301 cultivars. Green cover percentage showed the highest correlation with the grain yield. This study revealed that among phenological stages of chickpea, pod formation is the most sensitive to water deficit, and that under water limitation conditions chickpea yield could be improved by irrigation at this stage.}, Keywords = { Chickpea, Green cover percentage, Rate and duration of grain filling, Yield, Yield components.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-120}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {B.Heidari, and A.Rezaie, and S.A.M.MirmohammadiMaibody,}, title = {Diallel Analysis for the Estimation of the Genetic Parameters of Grain Yield and Grain Yield Components in Bread Wheat}, abstract ={Diallel analysis was used to estimate the combining ability, gene action, gene number, heritabilties and other genetic parameters of a set of wheat genotypes. For this purpose, nine parents and their 36 crosses were evaluated for 9 traits in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1996. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all genotypes for all traits. Estimates of general and specific combining ability mean squares based on Griffing’s Method 2 indicated the importance of additive and non additive effects in the expression of all traits. Alvand and Roshan cultivars for grain yield per plant, Alvand for grain number per main spike and main spike weight, and Alvand and Alamoot for 1000 grain weight were the best combiners, thus use of them is beneficial for these traits. Based on the estimates of average degree of dominance and results of graphical analysis, the gene action for grain number and spikeletes per main spike were partial dominance, while for grain yield per plant, biological yield, plant height, harvest index and 1000 grain weight, overdominance gene actions were observed. Moreover, genotypic correlation coefficients of grain yield per plant with grain number per main spike, 1000 grain weight, grain weight per main spike and main spike weight were positive and significant.}, Keywords = { Degree of dominance, Combining ability, Heritability, Bread wheat. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-140}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Bahar, and S.Ghobadi, and V.ErfaniMoghaddam, and A.Yamchi, and M.TalebiBedaf, and M.M.Kaboli, and A.A.Mokhtarzadeh,}, title = {Evaluating Genetic Diversity of Iranian Alfalfa Local Populations Using Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) Microsatellites}, abstract ={To determine genetic diversity among some Iranian local varieties of alfalfa, six geographically diverse populations including: Bami, Rahnani, Nikshahri, Yazdi, Hamadani (from Isfahan), Hamadani (from Shiraz) along with Ranger, an American commercial variety, were evaluated using a set of 24 EST-SSR primers developed from cDNA library of Medicago truncatula and three microsatellite loci, identified from genomic library of M. sativa. Of the pairs of primers tested, four loci from EST-SSRs (AW9, BEE, TC6 and TC7) and genomic microsatellite (Afctt32), were found appropriate for assessing genetic diversity between these alfalfa genotypes. In total, 46 alleles were detected from the five loci in the samples of alfalfa examined. The number of alleles per locus in populations ranged from six to eleven and genetic diversity indices of loci were variable from 0.62 to 0.87 for the populations. Genetic relationship analysis of EST-SSR data revealed separation of Iranian populations from Ranger. It is likely that the parental origin of primary population from which Ranger has been derived is different from that of Iranian populations. Iranian local populations of alfalfa in this study were grouped in two main clusters. Alfalfa populations Hamadani and Rahnani, which are adapted to cold claimates, were grouped in one cluster and populations Bami, Yazdi and Nikshahri, belonging to the trpoical areas, were placed in the next cluster. The positioning of EST-SSR loci in coding regions of genome, possibly increases the usefulness of these markers to clarify inter specific genetic relationships among alfalfa populations.}, Keywords = { Alfalfa, Microsatellite, EST (Express Sequence Tags), Genetic diversity. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {141-154}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-549-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-549-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Jamshidmoghaddam, and S.S.Pourdad,}, title = {Evaluation of Safflower Genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Moisture Stress in Controlled and Field Conditions}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Safflower, Moisture stress, Seed early vigor, Seed yield. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {155-168}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-550-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-550-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {S.A.MirMahdaviChabok, and M.P.EskandariNasab, and A.A.Shadparvar, and A.Ghorbani,}, title = {Estimation of Economic Weights of Milk Yield and Herd Life with Minimized Cost and Restricted Total Input in Three Holestain Dairy Farms}, abstract ={Using a deterministic model for dairy herd according to milk pricing system in Iran, the economic weights of milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life with minimized cost were identified, while restricted total input and total costs were variable in animal unit. By data simulation and the data obtained from 3 different dairy herds in Iran, the sensitivity of economic values with the assumption of 20% change in forage and concentrate price, forage to concentrate ratio, feed-cost, non-feed cost, base price of milk, free-market price of milk, average milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life were estimated. In the base condition, the economic weights of milk production, fat and protein percentage and herd life in three herds were -0.55, -0.24, -0.54 -34, -20, -11 -34, -37, -33 -0.37, 0.67, -0.39, respectively. The effect of change in different factors of production system on economic weights of three farms was variable. The economic weights of milk production, fat percentage, protein percentage and herd life had the most sensitivity to change in the average milk productoin, base price of milk and herd life, respectively.}, Keywords = { Economic weights, Deterministic model, Milk yield, Herd life, Fat percentage, Protein percentage, Dairy cows. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-179}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.J.Agah, and J.Pourreza, and A.Samie, and H.R.Rahmani,}, title = {Effect of Raw, Cooked and Soaked Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) on Broiler Performance}, abstract ={This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of (Kabuli) chickpea grains with different processing methods on the performance of broilers. In a factorial experiment with completely randomized design, 576 Rose broiler chicks were divided into 16 treatments with three replications of 12 chicks each. The first factor comprised three levels of chickpea (10, 20 and 30 percent) in ration, and the second factor five processing methods of chickpea (raw, cooked for 10 and 20 mins, and soaked for 24 and 48 hrs). Treatments included one control ration (without chickpea) and 15 experimental rations, all of which were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The experimental period lasted 8 weeks for the 1 to 56 day old chicks. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio were determined at three age periods of 7 to 21, 7 to 42 and 7 to 56 days. Carcass, abdominal fat, intestine and pancreas weight percentages to live weight were measured. Maximum body weight gain belonged to chickens fed on %30 chickpea grains soaked for 48h in age periods of 7 to 42 and 7 to 56 days, which was significantly different from control diet (P<0.05). The effect of chickpea grains levels and processing methods on chicken feed intake in age periods of 7 to 56 days was not significant. Interaction effects of chickpea levels with processing methods on feed conversion ratio in three age periods was not significant either. The effect of chickpea grains levels and processing methods on carcass, abdominal fat and intestine weight percentages to live weight were not significant except for the pancreas weight percentage (P<0.05). Therefore, it seems that chickpea grain is a suitable source of energy and protein in broiler diet (20% as raw or 30% as soaked for 48% h) when soyabean meals and corn grains are unavailable.}, Keywords = { Chickpea, Performance, Broiler. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-190}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-552-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {S.M.A.Razavi, and S.A.Mortazavi, and S.M.Mousavi,}, title = {Effect of Transmembrane Pressure on Fouling and Membrane Performance During Ultrafiltration of Milk}, abstract ={In this study, the effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP) on flux decline and protein rejection due to concentration polarization and fouling (adsorption) resistances during ultrafiltration of reconstituted skimmilk was investigated. UF experiments were carried out using a pilot plant unit equipped with spiral wound module and polysulfonamide UF membrane. A three-stage experimental strategy based on a resistance-in-series model (boundary layer-adsorption) was used to seperately determine the hydraulic membrane resistance, concentration polarization and fouling resistances. The results showed that increasing TMP had no effect on initial flux reduction (Jrt), but flux decline in each TMP was greatly due to concentration polarization, and fouling has a small role in flux decline, whereas dynamic response of flux decline proved that increasing Jrt during operation is due to fouling. The influence of TMP on resistances showed that total hydraulic resistance and reversible fouling resistance are increased with increasing TMP, but intrinsic membrane resistance and irreversible fouling resistance did not change. Increasing the total hydraulic resistance with time resulted in increasing both reversible and irreversible fouling resistances. Increasing TMP or operation time had no significant effect on protein rejection, but only led to an increase about 1-4 percent.}, Keywords = { Milk, Ultrafiltration, Concentration polarization, Fouling, Resistance-in -series, Flux and retention. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {191-202}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-553-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-553-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {GH.Mesbahi, and J.Jamalian,}, title = {Formulation of Apple Sauce Suitable for the Taste of Iranian Consumers}, abstract ={Iran is a major apple producing country. A number of industrial apple products can be made from apple. In some developed countries about 25% of apples are processed into apple sauce. Apple sauce hasn’t so far been produced by Iranian food industry, but if a formulation suitable for the taste of Iranian consumers is prepared, it can commercially succeed as a consumer product. At the first step of this study, six apple sauce formulations were made from Golden Delicious apples. Then the sensory properties of these apple sauces were evaluated by partially experienced panelists. The best formulation was chosen by a ranking test. Also, this selected apple sauce formulation was evaluated by ordinary consumers in some popular restaurants. The majority of these consumers accepted the taste and flavor of this apple sauce. The chemical, physical and microbial properties of the apple sauce formulations were determined and compared. In the final step, samples of the chosen apple sauce were stored at 4oC±1 or 25oC±2 for 10 months and their chemical, physical and microbial properties were determined bimonthly. The results indicated that the selected apple sauce could be stored at ambient temperature for over 10 months, without undesirable quality changes.}, Keywords = { Apple, Applesauce, Golden delicious, Formulation. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {203-215}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-554-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Soleimani, and M.Shahedi,}, title = {Investigation of Sorption Isotherm Curves for Corn Seed (Three Way Cross 647and Single Cross 704)}, abstract ={Isotherm curves are useful for the designing of dryer as well as controling of the seed moisture content during storage and drying process. To study the curves, this research was performed on the basis of two factorial experiments including three factors: (1) hybrid at two levels (Three Way Cross 647 and Single Cross 704) (2) temperature at 6 levels (from 5 to 55°C) and (3) Relative Humidity (RH) at 5 levels (from 10 to 90 percent) for the analysis of the adsorption and desorption phenomena. For maintaining RH at the above mentioned ranges, glycerol solutions with different concentrations were used. The results showed that the relationship between solutions concentration and their RH was non-linear and somewhat related to temperature. Also, statistical analysis displayed that for 3 factors of tepmerature , RH and hybrid, the effects on Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) in both adsorption and desorption phenomena were significant at α=1%. Comparisons of means showed that hybrid 704 had higher EMC values than did hybrid 647 under the same conditions, in other words, hybrid 704 produced lower aw than did hybrid 647 at the same moisture content. Fitting experimental values on non-linear models (Henderson, Chung-Pfost and Oswin) showed Oswin as the best model for adsorption and desorption curves for hybrid 704 and also for adsorption curve for hybrid 647 , but the best model for desorption curve for hybrid 647 was Chung-Pfost.}, Keywords = { Isotherm curves, Corn, Adsorption, Desorption, Sorption models. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-231}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-555-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-555-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Salehifar, and M.Shahedi, and Gh.Kabir,}, title = {Studies on the Effects of Oat Flour and Added Fat on the Organoleptic Properties and Staling of the Bread}, abstract ={Bread is widely consumed as a staple food all over the world. The major ingredient of bread is wheat flour which suffers of a couple of shortcomings, such as essential amino acids. To overcome of this problem, a great deal of attention has been made by fortification of bread with different cereal and legume flours. In this study, wheat flour was replaced with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of oat flour to investigate of its effects on dough texture and sensory attributes at room and lower temperatures for 0, 24, 48, 72 h in improved and unimproved breads. Improved formula containing levels of blanched oats, 1.5% fat and 60 ppm ascorbic acid. Addition of oat flour improved bread shelf life. Breads baked with up to 20% oat flour, were considered to be stable along over the time as indicated by sensory evaluation. Samples substituted with 30% and 40% oat flour had the high intensities of bitterness.}, Keywords = { Bread, Wheat, Oat, Sensory, Staling.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {233-245}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {M.Kh.PirouziFard,}, title = {An Investigation on Factors Affecting the Absorption of Sulphure Dioxide by Halved Tomatoes Prepared for Sun Drying}, abstract ={In the present study, the effects of sodium metabisulphite concentration (2, 4, 6, 8, 10%), dipping time (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 min.) mixing of the solution including: continuous mixing , once per 2.5 minutes , once per 5.0 minutes and without mixing (I, II, III, IV) and pH of the solution (4.62, 3.62, 3.42) on the absorption of sulphure dioxide by halved Riogrande variety tomatoes prepared for sun drying were investigated. The experiment design was completely randomized plots with the order of 5, 4, 4 and 3 treatments, each with four replications. The results showed that increasing the solution concentrations, dipping time, mixing and decreasing pH increased the rate of SO2 absorptions. The increment of SO2 in tomato under the effect of the above mentioned factors have been shown in different tables and figures. The mathematical models of relationship among the rate of absorption of SO2 , the concentration of sodium metabisulfite solution, dipping time, also the effect of metabisulfite solution pH were developed. Significant differences were found in these increments in all the treatments (α= 0.01).}, Keywords = { Tomato, Riyogrande variety , Sun drying, SO2 absorption, Metabisulphite.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {247-254}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {J.KolahdoozShahrudi, and H.Seyedoleslami, and R.Ebadi, and B.Hatami,}, title = {Laboratory Study of Life Cycle and Feeding Rate of the Beetle Cybocephalus fodori minor (Col.: Cybocephalidae) Predator of Pistachio Oyster Shell Scale Lepidosaphes pistaciae (Hom.: Diaspididae)}, abstract ={The predatory beetle Cybocephalus fodori minor has recently been reported in Iran. Also few studies have been reported on life cycle of Cybocephalus beetles, especially on that of C. f. minor. Thus, the life cycle and feeding rate of this predatory beetle was studied on pistachio oyster shell scale, Lepidosaphes pistaciae under laboratory conditions (temperature: 25 ± 2 °c relative humidity: 65 ± 5% and photoperiod: 16:8 L: D/h). Life cycle of C. f. minor was completed at six stages including egg, three larval instars, pupa and adult. Duration of the development for one generation (not considering preoviposition period) was 43-46 days for males and 38- 42 days for females. The developmental time length for the egg, larval instars1-3, pupa, male and female adults longevity, preoviposition and postoviposition periods was 8.8 ± 0.1, 5.2 ± 0.1, 34 ± 0.1, 6.8 ± 0.1, 17.3 ± 0.3, 59.2 ± 2.2, 65.8 ± 3.1, 6.8 ± 1.6 and 3.5 ± 0.5, respectively. Average fecundidity (number of eggs laid by a female per her life time) was 64.7 ± 6.2. Sex ratio in the laboratory and in the field was 1:1. Daily feeding rate for the female and male adults, larval instars feeding on adult female scale was 7.1 ± 3.5, 6.9 ± 2.2, 1.8 ± 0.2, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 5.9 ± 0.3, respectively. These parameters were also determined when those stages were fed on the eggs and second nymphal stages of pistachio oyster shell scale. Adult beetles over 60 days exhibited the highest feeding on this scale.}, Keywords = { Cybocephalus fodori minor , Life cycle, Feeding rate, Pistachio oyster shell scale.}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {255-267}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-558-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-558-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {B.Hatami, and A.F.Mirlohi, and M.R.Sabzalian,}, title = {The Effect of Endophytic Fungi of Tall and Meadow Fescues on Biological Control of Mealybug (Phenococcus solani Ferris, Hom.:Pseudococcidae)}, abstract ={Endophytic fungi, Neotyphodium spp. symbiotically infect host grasses, Fescue arundinacea Schreb. and F. pratensis Huds. and Mealybug, Phenococcus solani Ferris attacks some forage plants. To evaluate the role of these fungi to control this pest, four genotypes of F. arundinacea and two genotypes of F. pratensis were used. Plant tillers were split into two sections, one section of which was freed from endophyte using a fungicide mixture. The mixture contained 2 grams of active ingredients of Propiconazol and 1 ml of Folicur per liter of water. New tillers from endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plants were transferred into the field. The number of mealybugs was measured after the first visible sign of infestation on roots. To count mealybug, one plant hill of each plot was randomly selected. Hay yield of each plot was measured by clipping the plants 5 cm above ground level. Correlation of hay yield and other growth characteristics with the number of mealybugs on roots as an index for mealybug damage on infested plants was determined. The results indicated that endophyte-free plants were highly infested with mealybug, P. solani compared with endophyte-infected plants that were completely free of P. solani, correlation coefficients showed that there was significant negative correlation between forage yield and mealybug numbers, indicating mealybug damage on infested plants. It seems that endophytic fungi are effective biocontrol factors for some root feeding pest such as mealybug, P. solani.}, Keywords = { Endophytic fungi, Tall fescue and meadow fescue, Root mealybug. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {269-277}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-559-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {GH.AzariTakami, and M.Amini, and M.R.Naghavi,}, title = {Masculinization Effect of 17 alpha -Methyl Testosterone on Developmental Stages of Guppy}, abstract ={The masculinization effects of 17α-methyltestosterone were investigated on the two developmental stages of guppy (Poecilia reticulate), namely, newly born fry and gravid females. The first group was treated with two doses of androgen, (30 and 60 mg/kg food), each for a period of 15 and 30 days and the second group (gravid females) was treated with the food doses of 400, 450 & 500 mg/kg in a 10 day duration prior to parturition. After three months, the first group masculinization ratio of 62.14% was attained only in 60 mg/kg at three-day long treatment and other treatments had no significant effect on masculinization. In this group all the treated fish developed male secondary sexual characteristics after 3 or 4 weeks. However, the above-mentioned characteristics disappeared gradually when hormone therapy was stopped. In the second group, all the treatments were significantly different from control group. 450 and 500 mg/kg treatments had the highest masculinization percentage (90.82 and 97.07, respectively) but the differences were not significant. Also there were 9.18% females in 450 mg/kg treatment and 2.93% intersex in 500 mg/kg treatment. But the so-called group mortality was higher and fecundity lower than those in the control group. Finally, it should be noted that hormonal treatment had not any significant effect on masculinization of newly born fry and with the regard to the effect of 450 mg/kg treatment on masculinization and mortality percentage, it can be introduced as the best treatment.}, Keywords = { Guppy ( Poecilia reticulate), Sex reversal, Masculinization, 17α-Methyl Testosterone. }, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {279-288}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2006} }