@article{ author = {F.Foroughi, and A.A.Ghaemi,}, title = {Determination of Wheat Optimal Irrigation Depth on the Base of Different Management Strategies in Center Pivot Irrigation}, abstract ={In irrigation scheduling, one question is “how much is the optimal depth?”. In this study the optimal irrigation depth (by assuming the power distribution function and by taking into consideration the distribution function, which governs the data (normal distribution)) by considering the environmental effects was determined for three water management strategies (i. e. unlimited, limited nitrogen leaching and environmental protection) for wheat under center pivot irrigation system. The System layout in 32 hectare field was installed according to the ASAE standard. Four radial lines of catch cans were used at intervals of 6m (two radial lines of catch cans A and B, were installed on the maximum slope with 3˚ between every two rows and two radial lines of catch cans C and D, were installed on the minimum slope with 3˚ between every two rows). The field data were collected by the five different speeds of the center pivot system. The economical ratio (C) for three water management strategies were 31.19, 4.58 and 1.45, respectively. The optimum irrigation water was calculated for the three different management strategies. The results indicated that the lowest value of optimal irrigation depth was observed under the unlimited strategy, and the highest value of optimal irrigation depth was found for the environmental protection strategies (both with assuming power distribution and normal distiribution function).}, Keywords = { Center pivot irrigation, Optimal irrigation depth, Normal distribution, Power distribution, Economical ratio }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {M.H.Omid, and M.EsmaeeliVaraki,}, title = {Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gradually Diverging Hydraulic Jump in Trapezoidal Sections}, abstract ={خTo reduce the construction costs of stilling basins of hydraulic jump type is sometimes, novel geometries are sometimes used to adopt the basin to the upstream and downstream sections without any transition structures. Otherwise, any changes in the geometry of the basin would cause changes in the conditions and characteristics of the hydraulic jump. In this study, the effects of variation in both the side slopes and the diverging angle of a gradually expanding stilling basin with trapezoidal section on the jump condition were experimentally investigated. The experimental tests were conducted in a specially designed model for a wide range of side slopes and longitudinal divergences of the basin walls. The important parameters of the jump, such as the length, sequent depth and the rate of energy loss were computed and compared to those in the normal jumps. Tests were conducted for three different side slopes (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1) and four diverging angle (3o , 5 o, 7o, 9o) with the straight jump in the rectangular section and in the wide scope of decsent numbers (from 3 to 9). The results indicate that any decrease in the side wall slopes for a particular angle of divergence would cause a reduction in the sequent depth and an increase in the jump length and energy loss compared to the rectangular section on the same angle of divergence. It is also found that the longitudinal divergence of the side walls for a particular side slope will increase the stability of the jump within the stilling basin. It will also cause a reduction in the sequent depth and the jump length as well as an increase in energy loss of the jump, when compared to the straight jumps in either rectangular or trapezoidal sections.}, Keywords = { Hydraulic jump, Stilling basin, Diverging hydraulic jump, Trapezoidal stilling basin }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-30}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {A.Shooshtarian, and M.Bakhshoodeh,}, title = {Measuring Intra - Trade Industry between Iran and the European Economic Community in Horticultural Products: An Application of Grubel- Lioyd and Aquino Indices}, abstract ={This paper attempts to introduce two indices for measuring the level of Intra-industry Trade (IIT) between Iran and the members of the European Economic Community (EEC) according to five agricultural product groups. For this purpose, the indices suggested by Grubel-Lioyd and Aquino, were employed and explained how these indices obtained. The required data and information were collected from the year books and the internet site of “Iran Trade Point”. In general, the measured indices indicated a low level of trade between Iran and the members of EEC. In three groups, export value was higher than import value. On the contrary, for the two another groups of cereals and flowers, the import values were higher in most years. But in general, there wasn't seen any certain trend in indices values. In addition, many uses of these two indices also explained. Because Intra-Industry Trade is a new subject, further study and research seems to contribute to the economic communities specially in Iran.}, Keywords = { Intra Industry Trade (IIT), Grubel- Lioyd index, Aquino index, Trade balance }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-39}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-339-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {M.Heidari, and E.Tafazoli,}, title = {Effect of Sodium Chloride on Lipoxygenase Activity, Hydrogen Peroxide Content and Lipid Peroxidation Rate in the Seedlings of Three Pistacia Rootstocks}, abstract ={One of the main criteria for salt tolerance is cell membrane stability under stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of lipoxygenase (Lox) and lipid peroxidation are considered to be destructive to cell membrane under salt stress. In this study, the effects of 0, 75 and 150 mM NaCI, over a period of 14 days on the activity of lipoxygenease, the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malon dialdehyde (MDA. as a lipid peroxidation) in the leaves of Pistacia vera L. (cv. 'Qazvini' and wild 'Sarakhs' pistachio) and 'Mastic' (P. mutica F. & M.) were studied. The results indicated that by increasing salinity Lox activity increased in the leaves of all the three rootstocks. This activity reached a climax on the 7th day and then decreased on the 14th day. Among the three species, Mastic reached the highest amount of the Lox activity on the 14th day with the lowest amount of Lox reduction. The amounts of H2O2 in the leaves of all the three rootstocks increased, on the 14th day the highest amount of hydrogen peroxide was found in 'Mastic' and 'Sarakhs' after treating them with 150 mM NaCl. The amounts of MDA were also reached the highest level in all three rootstocks on the 7th and 14th days. The results also indicated the possibility of the use of lipid peroxidation index and Lox activity for selecting salt tolerant Pistacia rootstocks. More studies are needed for understanding the biochemical changes and enzyme activities in Pistacia rootstocks under salt stress.}, Keywords = { Pistacia vera , Sodium chloride, Lipid peroxidation, Lipoxygenease, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Malon dialdehyde (MDA). }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-50}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-340-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {J.Mohammadi, and S.M.Taheri,}, title = {Modeling Pedotransfer Functions Using Fuzzy Regression}, abstract ={Pedotransfer functions are the predictive models of a certain soil property from other easily, routinely, or cheaply measured properties. The common approach for fitting the pedotransfer functions is the use of the conventional statistical regression method. Such an approach is heavily based on the crisp obervations and also the crisp relations among variables. In the modeling natural systems, like soil, we are dealing with imprecise observations and the vague relations among the variables. Therefore, we need an appropriate algorithm for modeling such a fuzzy structures. In the present study, the fuzzy regression approach was used in order to fit some chemical and physical pedotransfer functions. The optimum regression models with the fuzzy coefficients were obtained for modeling pedotransfer functions. Sensivity analysis was carried out by using the credibility level. The results indicated that the fuzzy regression might be considered, as a suitable alternative or a complement to the statistical regression, whenever a relationship between variables is imprecise and generally when dealing with the errors due to a vaguness in regression models.}, Keywords = { Fuzzy numbers, Linear programing, Pedotransfer functions, Fuzzy regression }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-61}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {H.Emami, and G.Savaghebi, and M.Shorafa,}, title = {Study of Preferential Flow and Organic Matter on Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Movement in a Calcareous Loamy Soil}, abstract ={Increasing soil contamination by chemicals has become an issue of increasing environmental concern. Leaching of chemicals into and through the vadose zone creats serious problems due to the contamination of the soil matrix, soil solution and groundwater. Therefore, in order to study the effect of the preferential flow, macropores and organic matter on mobility and leaching of the metals such as cadmium lead, and zinc, an experiment was conducted as a factorial-split plot based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Three treatments of the undisturbed soil (U), the disturbed soil (D) and the disturbed soil containing 3 percent organic matter (O) were leached by the solutions with the concentration of 20 mg.L-1 of Cd, Pb, and Zn for a month. Then the concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in the leachate were measured at different time intervals. The ANOVA results indicated that the metals had a significant difference in the leachate at 1% and the order of their mobility was: Zn>Pb>Cd. Also, there was a significant difference between different soil treatments at 1% and the concentration of the three metals in U and O treatments was more than their concentrations in D treatment. Furthermore, a significant difference between the time intervals of leaching (pore volumes) was observed at 1%. So that, Cd in leachate of U, O and D treatments indicated a significant difference after leaching for 3, 3 and 5 days, respectively (1%). But, Pb in the leachate of the three soil treatments after leaching for 11 days had a significant difference. Zn concentration only in O treatment had a clear trend at different time intervals of leaching and a significant difference was observed after leaching for 8 days.}, Keywords = { Preferential flow, Organic matter, Undisturbed soil, Disturbed soil, Leachate }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-75}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-342-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {G.Mohammadinejad, and A.M.Rezai,}, title = {Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interaction and Study of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes Pattern}, abstract ={In this study, the an AMMI analysis (additive the main effects and the multiplicative interaction effects) was used to evaluate the yield stability of nine oats genotypes (4 Canadian cultivars and 5 Turkish breeding lines) and Makoi barley (as ckeck) in the 6 environments (3 dates of planting of Oct.12, Oct.31 and Nov.21 and 3 sowing densities of 300, 375 and 450 seeds/m2). The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2001. For each environments, a randomized complete block design with the 3 replications was used. According to the results obtained, the main effects of genotypes, environment and genotype X environment interaction effects were statistically significant (p<0.0 1) and 70% of sum of squares was explained by the first two interaction principal components (IPCI). Biplots of genotypic and environmental components of the first and second interaction principal components and the mean yields of the genotypes and environments, pattern analysis of the two significant and also stability statistics of AMMI model (EV2 & SIPC2) revealed that Boyer and Line No. 28 were the most stable genotypes. Boyer had the lowest IPC1 and Pacer and Lines No.2 and 17 were the least stable genotypes with specific adaptation to sowing density of 300 seed/m2. Lines No.32 and 28 indicated the specific adaptions to first planting date (Oct.12) Makoi and Pacer had the specific adaptation to second and third planting date and the second sowing density.}, Keywords = { Genotype environment interaction, Pattern genotype analysis, AMMI analysis, Oats }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-89}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {F.Rafeie, and G.Saeidi,}, title = {Genetic Variation for Different Agronomic Traits in Isolated Lines of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) from Iranian Local Populations and Foreign Genotypes}, abstract ={To study the genetic variation of different traits, 66 isolated lines from different Iranian safflower landraces of Isfahan, Azarbaijan, Khorasan, Kordestan, Central provinces along with 13 foreign genotypes and two local populations of Kooseh and Arak-2811 were evaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications. The experiment was conducted at the research farm, Isfahan University of Technology in the year 2001. The results indicated that there was significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits including days to 50% flowering, maturity, plant height, yield/plant, seed yield and its components and relative resistance to the powdery mildew disease (p<0.01). Seed yield of genotypes varied from 1285 to 3524 Kg/ha. The seed yield of local population of Kooseh which was dominant growing cultivar in Isfahan province and one of the latest in maturity and tallest genotype was 2317 Kg/ha, however, some genotypes were earlier in maturity and had the less plant height and more seed yield than Kooseh. Seed oil content was measured for the 20 high yielding isolated lines by the Soxhlet method and varied from 24.62% (in one of the isolated lines from Kordestan landrace) to 37.55% (in one of the isolated lines from Kooseh). The genotype of Kooseh had seed oil content of 35.99%. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified in to 3 the distinct clusters and they were significantly different for all of the traits, except for days to 50% emergence. One of the clusters had the maximum seed yield, seed yield/plant, branches/plant, capitula/plant, seeds/capitulum and the minimum of seed weight. It was implied that the genotypes of this cluster which were isolated from local populations could be used for improving the seed yield. The cluster analysis also indicated that in isolated lines from different provinces, there was no special pattern between the genetic and geographical diversity.}, Keywords = { Safflower, Genetic variation, Landraces }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {91-107}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-344-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {S.A.HadjHeidari, and Gh.Ghorbani, and M.Alikhani,}, title = {Comparison of Cottonseed meal and Fish Meal Fed to Dairy Cows Receiving Rapidly Degradable Diets in Holstein Cows}, abstract ={To compare the relative value of the fish meal and the cottonseed meal in highly fermentable diets (40% forage and 60% concentrate with), eight cows were assigned randomly to diets with 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percent of the fish meal. In the first experiment, the degradability of dry matter and crude protein of the fish meal, the cottonseed meal and concentrate in diets was estimated with different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h) with fistulated Ghezel sheep fed at maintenance level. The effective degradability of dry matter and the crude protein of fish meal was significantly lower than cottonseed meal (p<0.05). In different concentrates, there was no significant difference in effective degradability of dry matter but with the increase of fish meal the effective degradability of crude protein decreased significantly. In the second experiment, the eight multiparous Holstein cows with the similar milk production (25.37 ± 0.85) were examined in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with the 21-day period. There were no significant differences between the treatments in digestibility of OM, OM and CP, the dry matter intake, 3.2 % FCM, milk fat (%), milk lactose (%), milk total solid (%), and the yield of the milk fat, feed efficiency and body weights. Diets containing fish meal, compared to the control group, significantly higher milk production, milk protein (%), the yield of milk protein and lactose (p < 0.1), but the different levels of fish meal had no significant effect on these factors. The urea pH decreased significantly with the increase of the fish meal but rumen pH and fecal pH were unaffected. The results of the experiment indicated that diets with the 1.5 or 3% fish meal in cows with less than 30 kg milk is recommended.}, Keywords = { Fish meal, Cottonseed, Holstein, Rapid degradability }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-118}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-345-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {A.Aghaei, and J.Pourreza, and A.Pourreza, and A.Samee,}, title = {Replacement of Oats for Corn in Broiler Diet with and without Supplemental Enzyme}, abstract ={An experiment was conducted to study the effects of substitution of the different levels (0.0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of oat grains for the corn with and without enzyme supplementation (β -Glucanase. 0.0 and 1%) on the performance of the broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty (480) Arian broiler chicks were employed in a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications (16 chickens for each replicate) from 1-56 days of age. The chicks fed with 10 percent of oats in the diets, supplemented with enzyme, had significantly higher BW than other treatments. While with 40 % oat in diet body weight were significantly decreased. The feed conversion increased with increasing of the oats levels and the enzyme supplementation resulted in lower feed conversion. With increasing oats in the diet, the percentage of carcass weight decreased, but the pancreas weight increased significantly. Conversely, the enzyme supplementation resulted an increase in carcass weight and reduction in the pancreas weight. The percentage of the tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were unsignificaulty decreased with the increasing of the oat but enzyme lementation resulted an increase in tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus. In the areas where the corn production is limited, including 30 percent of the oats supplemented with enzyme in the diet of the broiler chicks can be beneficial.}, Keywords = { Oats, Enzyme, Broilers }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-127}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Gh.Elyasi, and Dj.Shodja, and M.R.Nassiry, and A.Tahmasebi, and O.Pirahary,}, title = {Study of Ovine Beta-Lactoglobulin Gene Polymorphism Using PCR-RFLP}, abstract ={In modern programmes of animal breeding, the polymorphisms of the milk proteins can be used as marker systems. Beta-Lactoglobulin is the major milk whey protein in the ruminants. The BLG coding gene located on ovine chromosome 3. This protein, synthesis in the mammary glands during pregnancy and the lactation stages. Studies have indicated that this protein is polymorphic in the many breeds of sheep. This is the result of a single base pair substitution in the Beta-Lactoglobulin gene that also rises to the RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The aim of this work was to analyze the genotype distribution of Beta-Lactoglobulin in sheep. Blood samples were supplied from 142 sheep of the 5 breeds (Ghezel, Afshari, Moghani, Makoii and Arkharmerino). Genomic DNA was extracted from the 200ul blood sample according to Boom et al. (1989) method modified by Shaikhayev (1995). The Gel monitoring and the spectrophotometeric methods were used for determination of the DNA quality and quantity. the Primers BLG5 and BLG3 amplified a 452 bp fragment from the exon II of the ovine Beta-Lactoglobulin gene. the Products of the amplification were recognized by the electrophoresis on the 1% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. The RsaI enzyme was used for restriction of the PCR products. The digested products were separated by the electrophoresis on the 8% nondenaturant polyacrylamide gel and visualized after staining with the ethidium bromide on UV transillumination. The popGen32 software (ver.1.31) was used to estimate the allele and the genotype frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and dendrogram of the genetic distance. The frequency of A-allele in Ghezel, Afshari, Moghani, Makoii and Arkharmerino breeds was 56%, 34%, 36%, 53% and 48% respectively. The populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except to Afshari breed. The lowest genetic distance was observed between Moghani and Afshari breeds and the highest genetic distance between Ghezel and Afshari breeds. The results of this study indicated that PCR-RFLP is an appropriate tool for evaluating genetic variability in sheep.}, Keywords = { B-Lactoglobulin, Sheep, Polymorphism, PCR-RFLP }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-134}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-347-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-347-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {H.Ezzatpanah, and M.R.Ehsani, and H.Lamea,}, title = {Comparison of Casein Micelles Micrographs in Raw and Pasteurized Skim Milk in Different pHs by SEM and TEM}, abstract ={In this research some properties of the casein micelles in the raw and pasteurized milk were studied by electron microscopy. SEM and TEM were used to evaluate the differences in acidified casein micelles of raw and pasteurized milk at the Iso Electric Point (pH=4.6). Milk samples were taken from research pilot plant of The College of Agriculture. Milk was pasteurized by the L.T.L.T. method in the same pilot plant. The samples of raw and pasteurized milk were divided into two parts. One part of raw and pasteurized milk was acidified to the Iso Electric Point of caseins (pH=4.6) by lactic acid (9%) and then sample preparation for electron microscopy was done. According to the previous findings, results indicated that in the native pH, specially in fresh raw milk casein micelles were in spherical and individual form with the smooth surface. Aggregated casein micelles were present of acidified samples of the raw and pasteurized milk. Aggregation was the result of neutralization of electric charges in the isoelectric pH of casein and partial removal of micellar calcium phosphate. Results of both electron microscope confirmed each other and effects of heating on increasing of the casein micelle size during pasteurization were seen.}, Keywords = { Casein micelle, Isoelectric casein, Raw milk, Pasteurize milk, Isoelectric pH of casein, SEM microscope, TEM microscope }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-145}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {A.Zeynaddini, and B.Jafarpour, and M.FlahatyRastegar,}, title = {Study of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Central and Northern Regions of Khorasan Province}, abstract ={The study of dispersion of alfalfa mosaic virus (ALMV) infection based on DAS-ELISA indicated that the fields of Alfalfa, potatoes and tomatoes from Chenaran, Ghochan, Shirvan, Mashhad, Neishaboor and Torbat Heydarieh were infected with the virus. The Statistical analysis indicated that the amount of infection did not differ in the surveyed regions and total mean of infection was 53 percent. The samples collected from the Alfalfa field of Mashhad was propagated in the Nicotiana tabacum L.cv Samsun and then virus was purified. The Mechanical inoculation of this isolate of the alfalfa mosaic virus (ALMV) induced the local lesion in Chenopodium quinoa,C. amaranticolor,Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris cv Redkidney and the systemic vein clearing and mosaic in Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, Ocimum basilicum, Cicer arietinum and Lycopersicon esculentum. In the case of the infected Cucumis sativus, no symptoms was observed. ALMV was purified by the method of the kaiser and Robertson(1976). The virus yield was 11/05 mg per 100g of infected tissue on the basis of serological properties. This isolate of ALMV is similar to the American isolation in SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis,the molecular weight of the virus coat proteins were estimated at about 24000 daltons.in this regard,this isolation of ALMV is similar to the other isolates of ALMV reported elswhere.}, Keywords = { Alfalfa mosaic virus, DAS-ELISA. }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-157}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {A.Davoodee, and E.Majidi, and H.Rahimian, and M.Valizadeh,}, title = {Study of Fire Blight Severity in Some Pear Cultivars with USDA Standard System}, abstract ={The fire blight with the bacterial causal agent, Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) winslow etal. is one of the most important diseases of the pome fruits that causes the economical losses to quince, pear and apple productions, respectively, in some parts of country. To determine the infection severity of the 43 raturally infected pear cultivars in collection of karaj horticulture research division and also for studing the reaction of these cultivars against disease, the evaluation was performed by the USDA standard system for these cultivars in collection. In this study, although the most of cultivars had been infected on the natural conditions, but disease severity was significantly different between them. By the USDA system, pear cultivars were divided in the 2 classes. Percentage of pear cultivars in very susceptible and moderately susceptible classes were 81.4 and 18.6 respectively. Also for dividing the pear cultivars, beside of USDA method, SPSS software and the cluster analysis were also by the UPGMA method and cultivars were divided into 3 clusters, but it seems that the classification of cluster analysis did not conform with USDA system. Correlation of I.V.S in the artificial tests and the disease severity by natural infection was very significant (r= -0.83).}, Keywords = { Pear, Fire blight, Erwinia amylovora , USDA system }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {159-169}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {M.R.Safarimotlagh, and F.Padasht, and Gh.Hedjaroude,}, title = {Rice Brown Spot Disease in Guilan Province and the Study of the Reaction of Some Cultivars to the Disease}, abstract ={The brown spot disease is one of the seed-borne diseases of rice, found in the all stages of its growth from nursery to farm. It causes qualitative and quantitative damage on rice. Therefore, some studies carried out on the different aspects of this disease and the reaction of some cultivars of rice against the pathogenic fungous agent of the diseases. To do so, 120 isolates, isolated from plant samples were collected from the 91 paddy fields in Guilan. To isolate the pathogenic fungous agent of the disease, the collected samples were cultured on PDA and filter paper. According to the results, the present isolation related to Bipolaris with the 3 species : Bipolaris oryzae (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur Bipolaris victoriae Nelson Bipolaris sp. The total isolataes were consisted of 15% Bipolaris oryzae, 75% Bipolaris -victoriae and 10% Bipolaris sp. The study of pathogenicity of isolation in these three species was applied to Khazar rice in desicator. The symptoms created by these three species were different from necrotic spots to leaf death. The results indicated that not only the symptoms but also the virulence in these three species were different. The virulence in B. oryzae was more than B. sp and this was more than B. victoriae. To study the reaction of some cultivars of rices to the pathogenic fungous agent, 8 cultivars of rice: “ Bejar, Khazar, Sepeedroud, Domsephid, Hassan saraee, Binam, Neda, Nemat” respectively were used in the two stages of the plant growth, to leaf in the seedling stage and heading. The results indicated that in seedling stage there was no significant difference between these cultivars with respect to the amount of infection. And in heading stage, according to “Dunken” test (5%) they divided into the 3 groups: “Neda, Sepeedrud, Khazar and Binam” with the lowest amount of infection were in the first group, “Bejar, Domsephid and Hassan saraee” classified in the second group and “Nemat” was in the third one. But there was no significant difference between them according to the variance analysis table.}, Keywords = { Rice, Brown spot, Bipolaris , pathogenicity, cultivar reaction }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {171-183}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-351-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Y.Fathipour, and A.Hosseini, and A.A.Talebi, and S.Moharramipour, and SH.Asgari,}, title = {Effects of Different Temperatures on Biological Parameters of Cabbage Aphid,Brevicoryne brassicae (Hom., Aphididae)}, abstract ={The biological parameters of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) was studied in the laboratory conditions under the three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30 ºC), RH 60±5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) using 40 first instar nymphs. Among nymphs, 40%, 55% and 10% of them completed their nymphal period in 20, 25 and 30 ºC, respectively and developed to adult stage. In 30 ºC, the most biological acitivities of aphid were disrupted and the most individuals (nymphs and adults) were killed. Most developmental periods, longevity and the amount of reproduction in 20 ºC were significantly greater than other temperatures. In temperatures 20, 25 and 30 ºC the last individual of a cohort died in age of 33, 29 and 16 days, respectively. The life expectancy of cabbage aphid in the first day of experiment was 13.93, 10.50 and 7.19, respectively according to the mentioned temperatures. There was a little difference between net reproduction rates in temperatures 20 and 25 ºC (16.74 and 15.92, respectively). Net reproduction rate was reduced extremely in temperature 30 ºC (1.75). The intrinsic rate of the increase in the temperatures 20, 25 and 30 ºC were 0.187, 0.226 and 0.042, respectively. The results indicated that 25 ºC was the optimal temperature for biological activities of B. brassicae and its highest population growth was observed at this temperature.}, Keywords = { Brevicoryne brassicae , Temperature, Biological parameters, Life table, Population growth. }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-194}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {Z.Banihashemi,}, title = {Occurrence of Phytophthora spp. in the Surface Irrigation Water of Fars Province}, abstract ={The dissemination of Phytophthora spp. in the surface irrigation water was studied during 1993-94 in Marvdasht area and certain other parts of Fars province. Monthly the water samples were taken along 100Km of the Kor river 22Km up stream from the Doroudzan Dam to about 80Km down stream to Mardvdasht where Sivand and Kor rivers joined. The other sampling locations includede the Maeen river adjecent to the Dam, and the Sivand river from Dashte-Morghab to Mardasht. Few samples were also obtained from Shapour and Dalaky rivers and also from Yasouj and the Sisakht regions in Khkilueh and Boir Ahmad. The water temperature, pH and EC were measured and samples were assayed on the same day of the collection. The water sample was filtered through the two layers of the cheese cloth and about 1L was placed in a plastic container (30 × 20 Cm) 2-3C deep and 100 fresh citrus leaf disks (6mm dia) were also added and incubated at the room temprature. After 48hr, disks were collected, washed, blotted dry and plated on Phytophthora were collected, washed, blotted dry and plated on Phytophthora selective medium (PARPH). At least 50 disks were used in the 5 plates for each sample. The five to 8 boiled hemp seeds were placed on each growing colony and transferred to the distilled water, after 12hr for sporangium production. The Phytophthora species were idenified by their morphological characteristic and temperature requirement. Phytophthora spp. were present in the most rivers except the Shapour and Dalaky. The predominant species were non-popilate high temperature (above 35C) species mainly P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri. In some cases P. capcisi and the other unidentified species were also detected. Phytophthora spp. were present throughout the year but the lowest population was detected during winter months. The fluctuation of the phytophthora population and the other water microorganisms in the Kor river after shiraz petrochemical complex during the growing season was very high, but sometimes reduced to zero (perhaps due to the water pollution). No Phytophthora colonies were detected in the dam lake or in the most cases in the cement canals.}, Keywords = { Surface irrigation water, Phytophthora , Fars. }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {195-204}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {M.Latifian, and H.Seyedoleslami, and J.Khajehali,}, title = {Within Plant Distribution, Diel Activity and Geographical Distribution of Grape Leafhopper,Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola, in Isfahan province}, abstract ={Some bioecological aspects of grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah Dlabola, including: the egg distribution under the leaf surface, eggs and nymphs spatial distribution on the vine arms, the adult distribution on three strata of the vine canopy, the adult diel activities and the geographical distribution of this species in Isfahan province were studied. Samplings were done in the 1997. The egg distribution under the leaf surface was determined by repeated sampling during the season and the egg density was estimated on three regions such as the main and secondary vein, the leaf surface margins and others. Eggs and nymphs spatial distribution along the vine arms were studied weekly for six weeks by sampling an arm of five vines during the second generation, the leafhopper population was the highest. The adult spatial distribution on the vine canopy was determined by sampling three strata of the vine canopy using the D-vac apparatus. Diel activities were studied by sweeping nets fifty times per vineyard at the two hour intervals from 8 a.m. to 20 p.m. Temperature and the relative humidity were also measured in the shade once per hour. The presence and the abundance of this species in 87 vineyards in the different climatic conditions were studied by a sweeping net. The leaf margin and around of the secondary vein were preferred for the oviposition of the leafhopper. Adults, nymphs and eggs were more abundant in the middle strata of the vine canopy than others. The mean pattern of the daily activity of the adult indicated one peak at 8 a.m. and the other one at 20 p.m. Maximum temperature thereshold for the adult activities was 28º C. The study of the grape leafhopper distribution in isfahan province indicated that this species was distributed in the most vineyards, but was highly abundant in more humid conditions.}, Keywords = { Grape leafhopper, Arboridia kermanshah , Diel activity, Within plant distribution }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {205-217}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {M.J.Soleimani,}, title = {Effect of Soil Solarization on the Population Dynamics of Fusarium Propagules in Hamadan Climatic Conditions}, abstract ={Some of the field crops are severely affected by the Fusarium foot and root-rot in the west of Iran, Hamadan. Pathogenic Fusarium species are potentially severe destructive diseases and could be a major limiting factor for the cereals and potato production in this province. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effect of soil solarization on the population dynamics of Fusarium spp. The propagules under Hamadan climatic conditions. Pre-tarping irrigation to achieve the field capacity was carried out prior to the various treatments including the black and transparent polyethylene plastic sheets. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, in a naturally infested soil. After three, five and eight weeks, soil samples were collected from different soil depths in appropriate plots. The propagule numbers of Fusaria were counted through dilution plate method using selective Nash & Synder and PDA media. The results indicated that the propagules of Fusarium in treated soils (five and eight weeks treatments) were significantly decreased as compared with the three week treated and untreated control plots. Better results obtained with the transparent sheets after eight weeks, followed by treatments with five weeks of mulching. Accordingly, the hydrothermal control of the Fusarium foot and the root-rot disease seem to be effective under the cool and temperate area of Hamadan.}, Keywords = { Soil solarization, Fusarium , Hamadan }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {219-228}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-355-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} } @article{ author = {F.Amiri, and M.Bassiri, and M.Iravani,}, title = {Comparing Methods of Utilization Measurement in Eurotia ceratoides Stands}, abstract ={The vast and diverse rangelands of Iran require the selection of appropriate methods for grazing intensity measurement in the different vegetation types. Methods can be compared on the bases of time and budget as well as their accuracy. In this study nine methods of the utilization measurement were conducted on the E. ceratoides stands of Hanna exclosure Semirom, Isfahan province. The duncan multiple range test was used to compare mean utilization percentages obtained from the different methods, with paired cage method data was used as control group. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was also used to compare methods for accuracy, time and budget. The means from reference unite, twig length, production index, plant count and stem count methods had significant (p<0.05) differences compared with control group but were comparatively time consuming and more expensive than other methods. The height-weight method resulted in an estimate with no significant difference with the control group. This method was also fastest and least expensive among methods with the accurate results (p<0.05).}, Keywords = { Evaluation, Utilization percentage, Euratia cerataides , Analytical hierarchy process, Accuracy, Budget. }, volume = {9}, Number = {2}, pages = {229-242}, publisher = {Isfahan University of Technology}, url = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology}, issn = {2476-3594}, eissn = {2476-5554}, year = {2005} }