per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
1
12
article
Study of Potassium Fixation and its Relation to the Soil Characteristics in Some Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiary Soils
A. Hosseinpur
1
M.H. Salehi
2
F. Khaefi
khaefif|@yahoo.com
3
1. Faculty of Agr., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
1. Faculty of Agr., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
1. Faculty of Agr., Shahrekord Univ., Shahrekord, Iran.
Potassium (K) fixation in soil is an important process which affects the availability of K to plants. There is limited information on K fixation capacity (PFC) of soils in Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiary province. This study was carried out with the aim of determining PFC and its relation with soil characteristics in 10 samples of surface soils in Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiary province. PFC was determined by adding six different levels of K by using KCl salt and measuring cation exchange capacity (CEC) in mineral, organic and clay fraction of soils. The results showed that the CEC in the mineral, organic and clay soils changes from 16.02-19.38, 1.71-3.27 to 29.3-39.8 cmol+/kg consequently. Potassium availability index (PAI) in the soils changes from 0.36 to 0.7 and Potassium fixation index (PFI) changes from 0.29 to 0.63. According to the results PFI and PAI showed significant correlation with whole and mineral fraction of the soil CEC, clay percent, pH and CaCO3 percent. The results of this study also showed that fixation of K fertilizer in the studied soils plays an important role in K dynamic of soil and K availability to plants.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3396-en.pdf
Fixation
Potassium
Soil Characteristics.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
13
23
article
Empirical simulation of wetting pattern in different soil texture
N. Khanmohamadi
s.besharat@urmia.ac.ir
1
S. Besharat
2
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Univ of Urmia., Urmia, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Univ of Urmia., Urmia, Iran.
Accurate design of drip irrigation systems requires sufficient understanding of horizontally and vertically distribution of water flow in soil and modeling the wetting pattern dimensions created under the drip source. Field and laboratory activities are not suitable for this purpose considering their time and financial constraints and it is necessary to apply accurate software for determination of several equations in different situations. This research aimed to present simple models for calculation of wetting pattern dimensions in different discharges and structures in drip irrigation system. For this purpose, HYDRUS-2D model was implemented for four discharges in the same soil texture and different soil textures in the same discharge. The values obtained from running the software such as depth and maximum diameter of wetting pattern have been fitted with time values and corresponding equations were obtained. The results of statistical indices for all obtained equations (R>0.96, RMSE<2.12 and MAD<1.38) represent suitable accuracy of corresponding equations in determination of pattern dimensions under the drip source. The results also showed that Loamy Sand and Silt textures, respectively, have maximum and minimum depth and wetting pattern diameter.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3397-en.pdf
drip irrigation
HYDRUS-2D model
wetting pattern dimensions.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
25
44
article
Morphologic Study of Meandering Rivers Under Controlled Flow Using RS and GIS Techniques (Case study: Zayandehrud River at the downstream of Zayandehrud dam)
M. Javahery-Tehrani
m.javahery110@gmail.com
1
S. F. Mousavi
2
Kh. Hosseini
3
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., Semnan Univ., Semnan, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., Semnan Univ., Semnan, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Civil Eng., Semnan Univ., Semnan, Iran.
Morphologic study of rivers is very important in stabilization and determination of river boundaries. Dams are structures which have the highest effects on river morphology. Studies of river changes are usually time-consuming and possible only in the long-term timescales. To detect these changes, using satellite images over specific time periods and cartographic methods are useful. In the present study, morphological changes of Zayandehrud River, at downstream of Zayandehrud dam, between hydrometric stations of Sad-e-Tanzimi and Pol-e-Zamankhan, were investigated through 7 series of Landsat satellite photos from 1980 to 2015 by applying ENVI 4.8 and Arc GIS10.2 software. Based on the results, the method of enhancing the contrast as saturated linear expansion, along with the edge enhancement filter, was found an appropriate method for determining the boundary between land and water. In the next step, the river path was entered into Arc GIS 10.2, and geometric parameters of the river such as wavelength, sinuosity ratio, central angle and radius of circle tangent to the curve were determined. Also, statistical analysis of geometric parameters was performed by applying SPSS software. Results showed that from 1986 up to now the sinuosity ratio has risen from 2.14 to 2.38, while the radius of river curvatures and wavelength of meanders have decreased by 5% and 11.4%, respectively. Overall, the river has decreased its arcs’ curvature and bends have been moved to downstream. The main cause of this phenomenon is constructions in the river borders (e.g. in Markadeh and Cham-Kaka), which have disturbed the natural situation of the river. In Cham-Jangal, Cham-Khalifeh and Cham-Ali regions, due to the increase in slope and improper vegetation cover, bank erosion has reached to its highest degree. In general, although flood events have been contained by Zayandehrud dam, yet the river has great potential for erosion in the meandering sections.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3398-en.pdf
Erosion and sedimentation
Meandering River
Morphologic changes
Satellite images.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
45
57
article
Attribution of Changes in Climate Variables due to Interannual Climate Variability or Increase of Greenhouse Gases (Case Study: Karkheh Basin)
N. Zohrabi
nargeszohrabi@gmail.com
1
A. Massah Bavani
2
E. Goudarzi
3
M. Heidarnejad
4
1. Dept. of Water Science Eng., College of Agr. and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad Univ., Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.
2. Irrigation Group, College of Aburaihan. Tehran Univ., Pakdasht, Pakdasht, Iran.
3. Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Science Eng., College of Agr. and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad Univ., Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.
Since climate change is regarded as a serious threat to different parts of life cycle, separation of factors intensifying this phenomenon seems necessary. This research has investigated the temperature and precipitation trend using the multiple trend test in the upstream Karkheh basin located in west of Iran. For this purpose, two-dimensional graphs of temperature and precipitation anomalies of the CGCM3 Model (1000-year data) were drown for the study area. Then, the attribution of changes in climate variables due to climate internal fluctuations or greenhouse gases affected by human factors were investigated. Based on the findings of this study, in different parts of the study area, the range of natural climate variables for temperature and precipitation changes (95% probability) in the west of the study area are
± 1.4ºC and ±76%, respectively.
The results showed increase and decrease in temperature and precipitation in most of the studied stations, respectively. The variables of temperature and precipitation are affected by climate change and as we approach latest years, especially in the western and central parts of the study area, the impact of greenhouse gases in increasing temperature and reducing precipitation becomes more evident. According to the current results it can be concluded that changes in land use in Iran caused by human interventions can be introduced as a significant factor for the ascending trend of temperature. However, it can be noted that the most important factors of the increased greenhouse gases in recent years are human activities such as land use changes. These changes certainly have affected water resources in the study area.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3399-en.pdf
Attribution
Change trend
CGCM3
Multiple test
Temperature & precipitation.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
59
70
article
Evaluation of Simulated Soil Water Content, Dry Matter and Grain Yield of Winter wheat (cv. Shiraz) using WSM and AquaCrop Models
Sh. Zand-Parsa
zandparsa@yahoo.com
1
S. Parvizi
2
A. R. Sepaskhah
3
M. Mahbod
4
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran.
2. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr., Jahrom Univ., Jahrom, Iran.
In agricultural development many factors such as weather conditions, soil, fertilizer, irrigation timing and amount are involved that are necessary to be considered by the plant growth simulation models. Therefore, in this study, the values of soil water content at different depths of soil profile, dry matter production and grain yield of winter wheat were simulated using AquaCrop and WSM models. The irrigation treatments were rain-fed, 0/5, 0/8, 1 and 1/2 times of full irrigation conducted in Agricultral College of Shiraz University during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The models were calibrated using measured data in the first year of experiment and validated by the second year data. The accuracy of soil water simulation was used to refer to the accuracy of simulated evapotranspiration. The accuracy of soil water content at different layers of root depth in the validation period was good for the WSM model (Normalized Root Mean Squer Error, NRMSE= 0/14). But the AquaCrop model showed less accuracy for soil water content (NRMSE=0/26). However, the values of predicted and measured crop evapotranspiration were close together at full irrigation treatment, the accuracy of AquaCop predictions was decreased with inceasing water stress. WSM model has had a good estimation of the dry matter and grain yield simulation with NRMSE of 0/15 and 0/18, respectively. However, they were simulated with less accuracy in the AquaCrop model with NRMSE of 0/19 and 0/39.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3400-en.pdf
Calibration
Evapotranspiration
Irrigation Treatment
Rain-fed
Validation.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
71
83
article
Evaluation of Bio-grouting Method in Strengthening Sandy Soil
M. Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
msadeghi@ieht.ac.ir
1
A. R. Sotoudehfar
2
E. Mokhtari
3
1. Dept. of Civil Eng., Isfahan Higher Education and Research Institute (IHEARI), Isfahan, Iran.
2. Dept. of Civil Eng., Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Najafabad, Isfahan. Iran.
2. Dept. of Civil Eng., Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Najafabad, Isfahan. Iran.
Improvement of soils is among the major concerns in civil engineering, therefore a variety of approaches have been employed for different soil types. The annual budget of implementing the projects of this kind in countries clearly implies the importance of the subject. The loose granular soils and sediments have always imposed challenges due to their low strength and bearing capacity. Bio-mediated soil improvement has recently been introduced as a novel link of biotechnology (biotech) and civil engineering for improving the problematic soils, i.e. utilizing some bacteria to precipitate calcite on the soil particles. Bio-grouting is a branch of Bio-mediated soil improvement which is a method based on microbial calcium carbonate precipitation. In this regard, the soil samples were stabilized by injecting the bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii in the first phase of the process and Urea and Calcium Chloride in the second phase of the process (two-phase injection) as the nutrients into the sandy soil columns and subjected to unconfined compressive strength test. In this research, Taguchi method was utilized for design of experience (DOE). Based on results obtained, the activity of the bacteria caused the precipitation of calcium carbonate in soil samples so that after 21 days, the unconfined compressive strength of the soil increased from 85 kPa in the control sample to 930 kPa at optimum condition.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3401-en.pdf
Bio-mediated soil improvement
Bio-grouting
Microbial calcium carbonate precipitation
Unconfined compressive strength test
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
85
99
article
Prioritizitzation of Haraz sub-watersheds in order to Soil and Water Conservation Practices Based on Morphometric and Land Use Characteristics
M. Fallah Sourki
1
A. Kavian
a.kavian@sanru.ac.ir
2
E. Omidvar
3
1. Dept. of Watershed Management Eng., Faculty of Natural Resource, Sari Agr. Sci. and Natural Resource Univ., Sari, Iran.
1. Dept. of Watershed Management Eng., Faculty of Natural Resource, Sari Agr. Sci. and Natural Resource Univ., Sari, Iran.
2. Dept. of Watershed Manage. Eng., Kashan Univ., Kashan, Iran.
Prioritization of sub-watersheds is very important and necessary in order to implement soil and water conservation practices. This study has prioritized 13 sub-watersheds based on morphometric and land use characteristics using RS and GIS techniques in Haraz watershed to identify erosion-prone sub-watersheds. Morphometric characteristics including bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, form factor, basin circularity, compactness coefficient, elongation ratio, length of overland flow, shape index, and basin relief were considered in morphometric analysis. Land use map was classified into seven classes of forest, water-body, irrigated farming, bare land, rangeland, orchard and residential area. Finally, sub-watersheds were classified into four categories as very high, high, medium and low in terms of priority for soil conservation. On the basis of morphometric analysis sub-watershed WS-4 was considered as high priority, whereas according to land use analysis, sub-watersheds WS-6, WS-8, WS-12 were in class of high priority. Sub-watershed WS-4 was categorized as a very high priority class based on the integration of morphometric and land use analysis. This region was identified as critical region therefore should be considered as priority class for implementation of soil and water conservation practices.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3402-en.pdf
conservation practices
erosion-prone
GIS
RS.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
101
110
article
Spatial Distribution of Total Cadmium and Total Plumb in Surface Soils of the Southwest Isfahan
A. Khosravi-Dehkordi
ardeshir.khosravi@of.iut.ac.ir
1
M. Afyuni
2
A. Soffianian
3
1. Division of Environ. Sic., Dept. of Natural Resource, Isf. Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
2. Dept. of Soil Sci., College of Agric., Isf. Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
1. Division of Environ. Sic., Dept. of Natural Resource, Isf. Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
Pollutants are considered the disturbing factors of environment, and among them the heavy metals are more important considering their non-degradability and physiological effects on organisms in low concentrations. The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of industrial landuse on Cd and Pb concentrations in surface soils of the southwest Isfahan. According to satellite images and topographic maps (1:50000) of the study area, soil samples (depth: 0–20 cm) were collected using random sampling. A total of 38 surface soil samples were obtained from industrial areas (lowest distance = 1480 m) in the area of 73481 ha. Total concentrations of Cd and Pb in the digested solution were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Using Arc GIS, the spatial distribution patterns and Cd and Pb variography of samples were analysed and finally the best models of spatial distribution of heavy metals were achieved. The primary results showed that the mean concentrations of Cd, and Pb of surface soil samples in industrial areas were 1.8 to 31.5 mg Kg-1 higher than the world’s mean values, respectively. Although the mean concentrations of Cd and Pb were respectively 8 to 700 mg Kg-1 lower than the standard of Iranian Department of Environment for industrial landuse.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3403-en.pdf
Cd
Industrial area
Non-continuous Kriging
Pb
Spatial distribution
Soil pollution.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
111
126
article
Study of the Efficiency of Hybrid Subsurface Constructed Wetlands in Reducing the Organic Loading of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Using Various Aquatic Plants
A. Haghshenas-Adarmanabadi
haghshenasamir@yahoo.com
1
M. Heidarpour
2
S. Tarkesh-Esfahani
3
1. Dept. of Water Eng., College of Agr., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., College of Agr., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran.
2. Dept. of Civil Eng., Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Tehran, Iran.
In this paper, the efficiency of four hybrid horizontal-vertical subsurface constructed wetlands which have been built for the tertiary treatment of Isfahan North Wastewater Treatment Facility and removal of organic matters was evaluated. In these constructed wetlands three plants including Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Arundo donax were planted and one unit left unplanted. The results of 12 months of sampling showed that the type of vegetation has no significant influence on the organic matter removal in the subsurface constructed wetlands, although the removal efficiencies in the planted constructed wetlands were more than unplanted control one. The COD and BOD5 removal efficiency in the constructed wetlands changes between 77% to 83% and 84% to 86%, respectively, during the operation period. The results of this research also showed that the organic matter removal was dependent on the influent organics nature and biodegradability. The first order model constants were calibrated in different wetlands for designing main projects. The organic concentration in the wetland effluents met the Iranian regulation limits for different reuse applications that shows the constructed wetland is a suitable technology for wastewater treatment in Iran.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3404-en.pdf
Constructed wetland
COD
BOD
plant
wastewater recycling.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
127
143
article
Assessing the Ability of Kriging Methods for Mapping Surface Soil Salinity in Ahvaz County
Z. Savari
1
S. Hojati
s.hojati@scu.ac.ir
2
R. Taghizadeh-Mehrjerdi
3
1. Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agr., Shahid Chamran Univ. of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
1. Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agr., Shahid Chamran Univ. of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2. Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agr., Ardakan Univ., Ardakan, Iran.
Salinity and alkalinity decreases physical, chemical and biological quality of soils and as a result reduces crop yield. This study aims to evaluate spatial variability of soil salinity in Ahvaz using geostatistical approaches. Accordingly, 69 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected and their electrical conductivities (EC) were measured in 1:1 soil: water extracts. The data were then analyzed using ordinary kriging (OK), log-normal kriging (LOK) and indicator kriging (IK) interpolation techniques to produce soil salinity maps. Finally, the quality control of soil maps was performed by calculation of root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results indicated that due to the lowest RMSE and the highest R2 values, the LOK interpolation method is the best approach in mapping soil salinity in Ahvaz. The results also illustrated that based on defined threshold values (4, 8, 16, and 32 dS m-1) the indicator kriging methods have been able to show risk of soil salinity in the area. Based on this, most of the area is covered by soils with salinity higher than 4 dS m-1. Evaluation of final soil maps showed that the highest concentrations of salts are related to the western and southwestern parts of Ahvaz city. In contrast, the lowest amounts of salinity were found in Eastern and Northern parts of the city.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3406-en.pdf
Ahvaz
Geostatistics
Indicator Kriging
Salinity
Spatial Variability.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
145
161
article
Comparison and Evaluation of Twenty Methods for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration Based on Three General Categories: Air Temperature, Solar Radiation and Mass Transfer in the Basin of Lake Urmia
O. Babamiri
obabamiri@yahoo.com
1
Y. Dinpazhoh
2
۱. گروه مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلیسینا، همدان
۲. گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز
Accurate estimation of ET0 in any region is very important. The aim of this study is to compare and calibrate the 20 empirical methods of estimating evapotranspiration (ET0) based on three categories in monthly timescale at the Urmia Lake watershed. These categories are: 1) temperature-based models (Hargreaves (HG), Thornthwaite (TW), Blaney-Criddle (BC), Linacre (Lin)), 2) radiation-based model (the Doorenbos-Pruitt (DP), Priestly-Taylor (PT), Makkink (Mak), Jensen-Haise (JH), Turc (T), Abtew (A), McGuinness-Bordne (MB)) and 3) mass transfer-based model (Meyer (M), Dalton (D), Rohwer (R), Penman (P), Brockamp-Wenner (BW), Mahringer (Ma), Trabert (Tr), WMO and Albrecht (AL)). For this purpose, the information of 10 synoptic meteorological stations during the period of 1986-2010 was used. Results from the above mentioned methods were compared with the output of the FAO Penman-Monteith (PMF-56) method. Performance of the methods evaluated using the R2, RMSE, MBE and MAE statistics. The best and worst methods of each category were determined for the study area. The best methods of each category were calibrated for the area under study. Results indicated that there is a significant difference between the results of selected methods of each category and the PMF-56 method. Performance of the selected methods remarkably increased after calibration. Among the temperature-based group, the HG method having the median R2 value of 0.9597 was recognized as the best method. After calibration the medians of RMSE, MBE, and MAE were 72.09, 3.14 and 10.70 mm/ month, respectively. After HG, the Lin and BC found to be the best second and third methods in the study area. The TW showed Large error, therefore, it was not a suitable method for ET0 estimation in study area. Among the radiation-based group, the DP model was selected as the best method in the study area. Furthermore, the median of R2 values was 0.982. In this method, the medians of RMSE, MBE and MAE after calibration were 7.89. -0.62 and 6.03 mm/month, respectively. Following DP, the PT method was recognized as the 2nd best one. The methods namely M, JH, T, A and MB were put in the 3rd to seventh rank of the radiation category. Finally, among the mass transfer-based group, having R2=0.8945, the Meyer method was selected as the best method of this group for the study area. In the mentioned method (after calibration) the medians of RMSE, MBE, and MAE were 21.8, -8.7 and 17.3 mm per month, respectively. From mass transfer based group, the D method was found as the second best method in the study area. The methods namely R, P, BW, Ma, Tr, WMO and A were ranked 3rd to 7th, respectively. In general, the performance of radiation based methods was superior than others in Urmia Lake basin. Temperature based methods and mass transfer based methods were ranked second and third, respectively. Further examination of the performance resulted in the following rank of accuracy as compared with the PMF-56: DP (Radiation based), HG (Temperature based) and Meyer (Mass transfer). In general, it can be concluded that after calibration the DP method is suitable to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration among 20 selected methods in the Urmia Lake basin.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3407-en.pdf
Evapotranspiration
Mass transfer
Penman- Monteith
Radiation
Temperature
Urmia Lake
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
163
171
article
Potassium Status in Wheat-cultivated Soils and its Relationship with Grain K in Darab Region, Southeastern Fars Province
M. Najafi-Ghiri
mnajafighiri@yahoo.com
1
1. Dept. of Range and Watershed Manage., College of Agr. and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz Univ., Darab, Iran.
The status of soil K forms and its relationship with K content in wheat grain at harvest period may be important for nutrient fertility management. For this purpose, 40 surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil samples and also grain samples from wheat fields of Darab region were randomly sampled in 2014. Then physicochemical properties of the soils and the contents of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K and contents of K in wheat grains were determined. Results indicated that content of soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in the studied soils ranged 15-70, 91-443 and 396-1182 mg kg-1, respectively. Significant relationships were obtained between soil K forms and clay, calcium carbonate and CEC. Although it is expected that content of easily available K (soluble and exchangeable K) was low at late stage of wheat growth, most soils had sufficient K content. The positive and significant relationship among different K forms was indicative of the K forms equilibration at the time of wheat harvesting. Although there is not a relationship between K content in wheat grain and soil K forms, it was shown that K content of wheat grain was correlated with soil exchangeable K and clay content in fine-textured soils (clay > 30%). It means that ammonium acetate may be a suitable extractant for estimation of soil K status and plant available K of heavy-textured soils in the studied region.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3408-en.pdf
Ammonium acetate
Calcareous soils
Exchangeable K
Wheat grain K
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
173
184
article
The Effect of Prosopis juliflora Afforestation on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Sand Dunes (Case study: Magran Shush
F. Imani
1
M. Moradi
moradi4@gmail.com
2
R. Basiri
3
1. Dept. of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Al-Anbia Univ.of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
1. Dept. of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Al-Anbia Univ.of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
1. Dept. of forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Al-Anbia Univ.of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
This study was done to evaluate the effect of afforestation in sand dunes at the vicinity of Shush, because of the importance of soil protection and wind erosion in sand dunes, also sand dunes afforestation as an effective and long lasting fixation mechanism. The study site was covered by petroleum mulch about 20 years ago and afforested by Prosopis juliflora. To study the effects of afforestation on sand dunes, two 10 ha afforested sites (25-50 and 75-100 percent canopy coverage) and control were selected. In each of studied site 15 plots were established and soil physiochemical properties were determined. Our result indicated that afforestation caused soil texture to change from sandy to sandy-loam. Also, soil phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon and nitrogen increased in 0-5 cm soil depth by afforestation that could be because of nutrient absorption from soil depth and returning to the surface by litter fall compared to the control. This study revealed that 25-50 percent canopy coverage resulted in better soil physiochemical properties compared to control site. In conclusion, sand dunes afforestation not only resulted in sand dunes fixation but also soil fertility and long lasting fixation.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3409-en.pdf
crown cover
sand dunes
soil elements
vegetation.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
185
196
article
Investigating Suitable Areas for Flood Spreading Using Fuzzy Logic and Analytic Network Process (ANP) (Case Study: Mashhad Plain)
E. Zahedi
1
F. Jahanbakhshi
farshid_jahanbakhshi@yahoo.com
2
A. Talebi
3
1. Dept. of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran.
1. Dept. of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran.
1. Dept. of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd Univ., Yazd, Iran.
In this research, to locate and prioritize suitable areas for flood spreading in Mashhad plain, 10 criteria were used including land use, slope, alluvium thickness, distance to well, distance to subterranean, distance from the village, water table drawdown, permeability coefficient, electrical conductivity, and drainage density. Weighting process was done by Analytic Network Process (ANP) and fuzzy logic. After preparing and weighting the maps of all appropriate measures for locating suitable areas of flood spreading maps based on fuzzy logic and analytic network process model, the final map was prepared for prioritizing suitable areas for flood spreading. Then by applying the limiting layer that is a combination of three criteria of land use, slope and geomorphology, the final map of suitable areas for flood spreading was prepared and prioritized. The results showed that among the 10 factors influencing flood spreading, the thickness of alluvium criteria by weight of 0.27 was identified as the most effective layer in suitable areas for flood spreading. Most of the suitable regions located in slope less than 3% that represents its considerable impact in implementation of flood spreading. Mashhad plain potential for flood spreading, after removing exception areas (40.8% of total area), were defined in four inappropriate, relatively appropriate, appropriate and perfectly appropriate classes, that include 2.7, 25.9, 26.5 and 1.5% of the plain area, respectively.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3410-en.pdf
Artificial Recharge
Flood Spreading Criteria
Mashhad Plain
Prioritizing.
per
Isfahan University of Technology
JWSS - Isfahan University of Technology
2476-3594
2476-5554
2016-11
20
77
197
210
article
Performance Evaluation of Geostatistical Methods and Artificial Neural Network in Estimation of Aquifer Quality Parameters (Case Study: Qorveh Dehghan Plain)
M. Isazadeh
mohammadisazade@gmail.com
1
R. Arabzadeh
2
S. Darbandi
3
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr. Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
2. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr. Tehran Univ., Tehran, Iran.
1. Dept. of Water Eng., Faculty of Agr. Tabriz Univ., Tabriz, Iran.
Selection of optimum interpolation technique to estimate water quality parameters in unmeasured points plays an important role in managing the quality and quantity of water resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of interpolation methods using GIS and artificial neural network (ANNs) model. To this end, a series of qualitative parameters of samples from water taken from Dehgolan aquifer located in Kurdistan, Iran including CL, EC and PH were evaluated by any of the models. In this study, qualitative data from 56 observation wells with good dispersion in the whole plain was used. The data of 46 observation wells were used for calibration and the data of other 10 wells were used for verification of models. The results showed ANNs, IDW, and Kriging excellence and accuracy over other models in estimation of quality parameters CL, PH and EC. However the ANNs model is more accurate than other models. In case of lack of time and the need for acceptable accuracy and less risk in the estimation of qualitative parameters, the use of ANNs model is superior to other statistical models used.
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/article-1-3411-en.pdf
Estimation of qualitative parameters
IDW
Kriging
Neural networks.