fa بررسی آزمایشگاهی چرخه زیستی و میزان تغذیه سوسک<i>Cybocephalus fodori minor</i><span dir=ltr> (Col. :Cybocephalidae )</span>شکارگر سپردار واوی پسته<i>Lepidosaphes pistaciae</i><span dir=ltr> ( Hom. :Diaspididae )</span> عمومی Ggeneral پژوهشي Research <p>The predatory beetle <em>Cybocephalus fodori minor</em> has recently been reported in Iran. Also few studies have been reported on life cycle of <em>Cybocephalus beetles</em>, especially on that of <em>C. f. minor</em>. Thus, the life cycle and feeding rate of this predatory beetle was studied on pistachio oyster shell scale, <em>Lepidosaphes pistaciae</em> under laboratory conditions (temperature: 25 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>2 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">°</span>c relative humidity: 65 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>5% and photoperiod: 16:8 L: D/h). Life cycle of <em>C. f. minor</em> was completed at six stages including egg, three larval instars, pupa and adult. Duration of the development for one generation (not considering preoviposition period) was 43-46 days for males and 38- 42 days for females. The developmental time length for the egg, larval instars1-3, pupa, male and female adults longevity, preoviposition and postoviposition periods was 8.8 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.1, 5.2 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.1, 34 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.1, 6.8 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.1, 17.3 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.3, 59.2 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>2.2, 65.8 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>3.1, 6.8 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>1.6 and 3.5 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.5, respectively. Average fecundidity (number of eggs laid by a female per her life time) was 64.7 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>6.2. Sex ratio in the laboratory and in the field was 1:1. Daily feeding rate for the female and male adults, larval instars feeding on adult female scale was 7.1 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>3.5, 6.9 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>2.2, 1.8 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.2, 3.7 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.2 and 5.9 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt LINE-HEIGHT: 115% FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif' mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family: Arial mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">±<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></span></span>0.3, respectively. These parameters were also determined when those stages were fed on the eggs and second nymphal stages of pistachio oyster shell scale. Adult beetles over 60 days exhibited the highest feeding on this scale. </p> Cybocephalus fodori minor ، چرخه زیستی، میزان تغذیه، سپردار واوی پسته Cybocephalus fodori minor , Life cycle, Feeding rate, Pistachio oyster shell scale. 255 267 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-558&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 J. Kolahdooz Shahrudi جلال کلاهدوز شاهرودی Yes H. Seyedoleslami حسین سیدالاسلامی No R. Ebadi رحیم عبادی No B. Hatami بیژن حاتمی No