Journal of Water and Soil Science
علوم آب و خاک
jwss
Agriculture
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir
0
user
2476-3594
2476-5554
10.47176/jwss
fa
jalali
1399
8
1
gregorian
2020
11
1
24
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی شاخصهای تنش خشکی در کم آبیاری سطحی ذرت
Investigation of drought stress indices in corn surface water deficit
عمومی
Ggeneral
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منظور مطالعه و ارزیابی شاخصهای تنش خشکی در روش آبیاری سطحی بهروش جویچه</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه ذرت و کارایی مصرف آب آزمایشی طی دو سال (94 -1393) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا شد. آزمایش به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">صورت کرت</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های یک</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بار خـــــرد شده در قالب بلـوک</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکــرار اجرا شد. آبیاری در 2 سطح (آبیاری پس از 100 و 200 میلی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">A</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) بهعنوان فاکتور اصلی و رقم در 6 سطح بهعنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. مقایسه میانگین کارایی مصرف آب در اثرات متقابل آبیاری و رقم نشان داد تیمار 100 میلی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">A</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و ارقام </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">V4</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> (</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PH1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">V5</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> (</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PH3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">V2</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> (</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">S.C Mobin</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترتیب با عملکردهای 1/353، 1/299 و 1/296 کیلوگرم دانه ذرت بهازای مصرف یک مترمکعب آب، بهصورت مشترک در رتبه اول و جایگاه برتر قرار گرفتند. میانگین آب مصرفی در سال 1393 در تیمارهای 100 و 200 میلی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">A</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترتیب 521/2 و 462/4 میلی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر بود. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد با افزایش اجزای عملکرد از جمله: تعداد دانه در ردیف و تعداد ردیف دانه، وزن هزار دانه افزایش یافت و به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دلیل ضریب همبستگی بسیار معنی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دار وزن هزار دانه با عملکرد دانه (8776/0 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">r =</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) بهتبع آن عملکرد دانه نیز افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقادیر شاخصهای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">SSI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">STI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">MP</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">TOL</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">GMP HM</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">YI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> در رقم </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">V4 (</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PH1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">)</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> محاسبه شد. بیشتر بودن مقادیر شاخصهای فوق در رقم </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">V4 (</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PH1</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">)</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> نسبت به دیگر ارقام موجب شد تا این تیمار، برتر معرفی شود. روند کاهشی عملکرد ذرت که با اعمال تنش کم آبی اتفاق افتاد، قطعاً موجب افزایش مقادیر شاخصهای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">SSI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">STI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">MP</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">TOL</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">GMP</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">HM</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">YI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> شد و برعکس کاهش عملکرد ذرت موجب تغییرات صعودی در شاخص </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">YSI</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> شد.</span></span></span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">In order to study and evaluate the drought stress indices in surface irrigation by furrow method on grain yield, the yield components and water use efficiency, an experiment was conducted at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station in 2014-16. The experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 100 and 200 mm evaporation from Class A pan, respectively) was evaluated as the main factor and corn cultivar was considered at 6 levels as the sub-factor. Comparison of the mean water use efficiency in irrigation and cultivar interactions showed 100 mm evaporation from Class A pan and cultivars V4 (PH1), V5 (PH3) and V2 (SC Mobin) were ranked the first and foremost, respectively, with the yields of 1.353, 1.299 and 1.296 kg of corn per kg of water consumed, respectively. The mean water consumed in 2014 of the experiment in 100 and 200 mm evaporation from Class A pan was 521.2 and 462.4 mm, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient results also showed that with increasing the yield components, such as the number of grains per row and number of rows, the 1000-grain weight was increased due to the highly significant correlation coefficient of 1000-grain weight with grain yield (r = 0.8776). Consequently, grain yield was also increased. The highest values of SSI, STI, MP, TOL, GMP HM and YI indices were calculated in V4 (PH1). The higher values of the above indices in cultivar V4 (PH1) than other cultivars caused this treatment to be introduced as the superior one. The decreasing trend of corn yield, which was caused by water deficit stress, increased SSI, STI, MP, TOL, GMP and YI indices, while it decreased corn yield, leading to incremental changes in the YSI indices.</div>
وزن هزار دانه, کارایی مصرف آب, رقم, تبخیر و تعرق
1000-grain weight, Water use efficiency, Variety, Evapotranspiration.
75
91
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2698-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
N.
Salamati
نادر
سلامتی
nadersalamati@yahoo.com