Journal of Water and Soil Science
علوم آب و خاک
jwss
Agriculture
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir
0
user
2476-3594
2476-5554
10.47176/jwss
fa
jalali
1396
8
1
gregorian
2017
11
1
21
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
بهینهسازی اقتصادی مشخصههای طراحی آبیاری جویچهای در شرایط کم آبیاری برای ذرت علوفهای در شهرکرد
Economic Optimization of Design Parameters of Furrow Irrigation under Deficit Irrigation for Corn in Shahrekord Region
عمومی
Ggeneral
پژوهشي
Research
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب در ایران، اعمال تنش آبی یا کم آبیاری برروی بعضی از محصولات زراعی امری اجتناب ناپذیر است. با توجه بهضرورت کم آبیاری باید روش طراحی مناسب با آن ارائه شود. مدیریت آبیاری جویچهای برای حصول بازده بالا دشوار است، از اینرو بررسی تغییرات میزان دبی ورودی، زمان قطع جریان و طول جویچهها که برروی بازده و یکنواختی مؤثر است، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف از این تحقیق ارائه روشی برای تعیین عمق آب مصرفی بهینه و بهینه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سازی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشخصه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جویچه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرایط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کم </span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نهایت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یسه مشخصه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرایط</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آ</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیاری کامل و کم </span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یسه در بافت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستیابی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اهداف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ین تحقیق، آزمایش برروی ذرت علوفه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ا</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی در شهرکرد در قالب طرح بلوک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> 7 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تیمار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سطوح</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> 3 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تکرار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انجام</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بهینه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کردن</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشخصه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمق</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصر</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فی با حداکثر کردن سود در حالت کم </span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نرمافزار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">لینگو</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شد</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داد،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ب</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یشترین سود خالص از کاربرد 535 میلی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر،</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> 85 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متر،</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> 39/0 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ل</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یتر بر ثانیه و 210 دقیقه بهترتیب برای عمق خالص آبیاری (79 درصد عمق خالص در آبیاری کامل)، طول جویچه، دبی ورودی و زمان قطع جریان حاصل شد. نتایج بهینهسازی مشخصه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جویچه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیاه،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافتهای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نفوذپذیری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقادیر</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طول</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جویچه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زمان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قطع</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جریان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مییابد،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حالی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقدار</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ورودی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جویچه</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پیدا</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">م</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کند</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمق</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> آب مصرفی یا بهعبارتی در</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">صد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبیاری</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ثابت</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میماند</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></strong><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Considering water scarcity in Iran, application of deficit irrigation or water stress on some crops is inevitable. We need to provide appropriate design for deficit irrigation. Furrow irrigation management to obtain high efficiency and uniformity is difficult. Therefore, to investigate the variation of the input discharge, the cut-off time and furrow length that are effective on the efficiency and uniformity are very important. The purpose of this research is to provide a method for determining the optimum water use depth and optimizing furrow irrigation design in deficit irrigation conditions and finally comparing design characteristics under full irrigation conditions and deficit irrigation and comparison in different soil tissues. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, an experiment was conducted on forage corn in Shahrekord in a completely randomized block design with 7 treatments of different levels of irrigation in 3 replications. The costs and benefits functions were determined based on design variable and depth of applied water. The software Lingo was used to optimize the design variables (length of the furrow, the input discharge and cut-off time) and depth of applied water in deficit irrigation condition. The results showed that the highest net profit was obtained using 535 mm (equivalent to 79% of full irrigation) and 85 meters, 0.39 liter per second and 188 minutes, respectively, for the length of furrow, input discharge and cut-off time. The results of this design were compared to full irrigation of deferent soil textures. The results showed that an increase in the permeability of the soil caused length of furrow and the cut-off time to decrease, while the flow rate increases and depth of applied water or percent of deficit irrigation were constant.</div>
تابع تولید, تابع درآمد, عمق آب بهینه
Production function, Benefits functions, Optimum Applied Water.
181
192
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