fa بررسی پتانسیل قارچ ریشه‌ها و باکتری‌های سودوموناس در پالایش سبز کادمیم از یک خاک آلوده عمومی Ggeneral پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیاهان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و میکروب‌های خاک </span></span></strong>&nbsp;<strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روشی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوید بخش برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پالایش</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبز خاک‌های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آلوده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلزات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سنگین است.</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این مطالعه به‌‌منظور ارزیابی پتانسیل میکروبی خاک با سطوح غلظت&shy;</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کادمیم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(صفر،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&nbsp;10، 30 و 100 میلی‌گرم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر کیلوگرم) و تیمار میکروبی شامل تلقیح قارچ ریشه &shy;های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آربوسکولار (</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">AMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترکیبی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گونه&shy; های</span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">Funneliformis mosseae </span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">Rhizophagus irregularis</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">Rhizophagus fasciculatus</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و باکتری&shy; های</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محرک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رشد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیاه (</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PGPR</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) ترکیبی از گونه&shy; های</span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;"> Pseudomonas&nbsp; </span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شامل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برخی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سویه&shy; های</span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">P. fluorescens </span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">، </span></span></em></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">P.putida</span></span></em></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و<br> &nbsp;</span></span></strong><strong><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">P. aeruginosa</span></span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> در حضور گیاه گل گندم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انجام</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شد. خاک مورد استفاده </span></span></strong>&nbsp;<strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیترات</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کادمیم</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به &shy;طور یکنواختی</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایجاد</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غلظت&shy; های مختلف</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کادمیم آلوده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شد.</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آلوده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استریل</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سپس</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">AMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و </span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PGPR</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> مایه &shy;زنی شد. نتایج</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشان</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داد که <span style="layout-grid-mode:line;">با افزایش غلظت کادمیم در خاک، درصد کلنیزاسیون، فراوانی باکتری&shy; های ریزوسفری، عملکرد و عملکرد نسبی </span>شاخساره&shy; <span style="layout-grid-mode:line;">به‌طور معنی‌داری </span>(05/0</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">P&le;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) <span style="layout-grid-mode:line;">کاهش یافت، درحالی</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مقدار پرولین، <span style="layout-grid-mode:line;">غلظت </span>کادمیم<span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"> در شاخساره و ریشه به &shy;طور معنی‌داری </span>(05/0</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">P&le;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) <span style="layout-grid-mode:line;">افزایش یافت. میانگین کادمیم استخراج شده در تیمارهای &shy;</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">PGPR</span></span></strong><strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR" style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;">AMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> به &shy;ترتیب بیش از 8/1 و 8/2&nbsp; و فاکتور انتقال کادمیم به &shy;ترتیب بیش از 2/1 و 5/1 برابر تیمارهای مشابه شاهد بود. چنین استنباط شود که</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مایه‌زنی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میکروبی</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="layout-grid-mode:line;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علاوه‌ بر افزایش زیست‌توده گیاه، در افزایش کارآیی پالایش &shy;سبز کادمیم توسط گیاه نقش مهمی ایفا می&shy;کند.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b lotus;"></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The use of plants and soil microorganisms is a promising technique for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the soil microbial potential with four Cd concentration levels (0, 10, 30 and 100 mg kg-1); the study also addressed the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species (a mixture of Glomus species including G. intraradices, G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum) as well as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (a mixture of Pseudomonas species including P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa) with the Centaurea cyanus plant. The soil sample was spiked uniformly with Cd nitrate salt to create different Cd concentrations. The contaminated soils were then sterilized and subsequently inoculated with AMF and PGPR. The results indicated that with increasing the soil Cd concentration, colonization percent, abundance of rhizobateria, shoot biomass, and shoot relative biomass were significantly decreased, while the&nbsp; proline content and the shoot Cd concentration were significantly increased (P&le;0.05). The mean of Cd extracted in AMF and PGPR treatments was 1.8 and 2.8 and the translocation factor was 1.2 and 1.5 times higher, as compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively. It could be concluded that microbial inoculation, in addition to improving plant growth, plays an important role in the Cd phytoremediation efficiency by plant.</div> پالایش سبز, گل گندم, کادمیم, قارچ ریشه‌های آربوسکولار, باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه Phytoremediation, Centaurea cyanus, Cd, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. 305 316 http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1067-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 M. H. Rasouli0-Sadaghiani میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی m.rsadaghiani@urmia.ac.ir Yes 1. Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran. 1. گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه H. Khodaverdiloo حبیب خداوردیلو h.khodaverdiloo@urmia.ac.ir No 1. Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran. 1. گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه M. Barin محسن برین m.barin@urmia.ac.ir No 1. Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran. 1. گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه S. Kazemalilou سولماز کاظم علیلو solmazaliloo@yahoo.com No 1. Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agric., Urmia Univ., Urmia, Iran. 1. گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه