Achillea wilhelmsii Koch. is an aromatic plants belonging to Asteraceae family that has relatively wide distribution in different parts of Iran. In this study, we compared essential oil contents and constituents in two wild populations under two different ecological conditions (Fars and Khorasan Provinces, South West and North East of Iran respectively). The blooming herbs were collected and the essential oils of the samples were extracted after drying by “Clevenger apparatus”. Essential oil constituents were determined by GC and GC-MS. Our results showed that “Khorasan” population of Achillea wilhelmsii contains more essential oils than “Fars” population (0.65 and 0.2 % v/w respectively). Thirty components of “Khorasan” population that were 96.94% of total components were determined successfully and the main components were camphore(19.06%), cembrene(10%), 1,8-cieole(8.78%), alpha pinene(8.06%) and linalool (7.47%). Thirty-two components (91.98%) of “Fars” wild population were determined and the main components were isopentyl-isovalerate(9.46%), alpha pinene(8.75%), 1,8-cineole(8.70%), eudesmol(10-epi-gama)(5.56%), spathulenol(4.94%). Cembrene(10%), Germacrene B( 5.68 %) and Sabinene(4.34%) were detected in Mashhad population but not in Shiraz population. 10-epi Gamma Eudesmole(5.65%), Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal(4.47%) and Ionone (4.29%) were detected in Shiraz population but not in Mashhad population. In conclusion, there are differences between these two populations as far as essential oils content and constituents are concerned.

Keywords: Achillea wilhelmsii , 1, 8-cineole, Wild population. Gas chromatograghy, Chemotype.

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