Journal of Water and Soil Science
علوم آب و خاک
jwss
Agriculture
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir
0
user
2476-3594
2476-5554
10.47176/jwss
fa
jalali
1393
6
1
gregorian
2014
9
1
18
68
online
1
fulltext
fa
تعیین قطر سنگچین پایدار اطراف پایه پل استوانهای در قوس رودخانهها
Determination of Stable Riprap Diameter Around Cylindrical Bridge Pier in the River Bends
عمومی
Ggeneral
پژوهشي
Research
<a name="OLE_LINK16"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">یکی از مهمترین عوامل تخریب پلها، آبشستگی موضعی اطراف پایههای آنها در قوس رودخانه میباشدکه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سبب</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">بروز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مخاطراتی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">برای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">پایداری سازه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">یا</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">کاهش</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">بهرهوری آن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">میشود.</span></b></a><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA"> قرار دادن سنگچین در اطراف پایههای پل مانع از ایجاد آبشستگی موضعی اطراف آنها میشود.</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">هدف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مطالعه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">حاضر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ارائه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">رابطهای برای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تخمین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">قطر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سنگچین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">پایدار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در اطراف پایه پل استوانهای در قوس رودخانههاست. در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تحقیق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">با</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">استفاده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">یک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مدل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">آزمایشگاهی با قوس 180 درجه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">پایداری</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">چهار قطر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مختلف</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سنگچین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تحت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">شرایط آب زلال و دبیهای متفاوت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">جریان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مورد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">بررسی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">قرار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">گرفت. براساس آنالیز</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ابعادی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">روابطی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تجربی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">برای طراحی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سنگچین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">پایدار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در اطراف پایههای پل</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ارائه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">شد. <a name="OLE_LINK23"></a><a name="OLE_LINK22"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK23"><font size="3" face="Lotus">همچنین </font></span></a>نتایج</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">آزمایشها</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">با</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">روابط</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ارائه شده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">توسط</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سایر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">محققین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ازجمله</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA"> <a name="OLE_LINK7">لاچلان (1999)، پارولا (1995) و چیو (<span style="COLOR: black"><font size="3" face="Lotus">1995)</font></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK7"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مقایسه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">شد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">که</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">نشان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">داد رابطه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ارائه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">شده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تحقیق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">با درصد خطای نسبی 129/0 از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">دقت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">مناسبی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">برخوردار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">است.</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">رابطه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ارائه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">شده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">تحقیق</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ضمن</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سادگی،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">کلیه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">عوامل مؤثر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">ناپایداری</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">سنگچین</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">را</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-no-proof: yes" dir="rtl" lang="FA">در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman","serif" COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 9pt mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt mso-ansi-language: EN-US mso-fareast-language: EN-US mso-no-proof: yes" lang="FA"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Lotus COLOR: black FONT-SIZE: 11pt mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman' mso-bidi-language: FA mso-ansi-font-size: 9.0
Local scour around piers is the major cause of their foundation failure in the river bends that endangers the stability of the structure and its efficiency. Riprap is commonly placed around the bridges piers for local scour protection. The aim of this study was to present an equation for estimating stable riprap diameter around a cylindrical bridge pier in river bends. In this study, using an experimental model with a 180 degree bend stability, four different riprap diameters under different flow conditions and clear water flow were studied. Empirical relationships based on dimensional analysis for stable riprap design around the bridge foundation was presented. The experimental results were compared with equations provided by other researchers, including Lauchlan (1999), Parola (1995) and Chiew (1995). Results showed that the presented equation in this paper has a good precision. The simple equation presented in this study included all factors important to the instability of the riprap, and recommends designing ripraps around the bridge pier in river bends.
آنالیز ابعادی, ناپایداری سنگچین, آبشستگی, آب زلال
Dimensional analysis, Unstable riprap, Local scour, Clear water.
33
42
http://jstnar.iut.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-11&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
E.
Nohani
ابراهیم
نوحانی
nohani_e@yahoo.com
000319475328460020048
000319475328460020048
Yes
Dept. of hydraul. Struc., Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Dezful, Iran.
گروه سازههای هیدرولیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد دزفول
M.
Shafai Bejestan
محمود
شفاعی بجستان
000319475328460020049
000319475328460020049
No
Dept. of Water Struc., Shahid Chamran Univ., Ahvaz, Iran.
گروه سازههای آبی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
A. R.
Masjedi
علیرضا
مسجدی
000319475328460020050
000319475328460020050
No
Dept. of Water Struc., Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad Univ., Ahvaz, Iran.
گروه سازههای آبی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز